Volume 3, Number 4—December 1997
THEME ISSUE
Foodborne
Controlling Emerging Foodborne Microbial Hazards
Epidemiology and Detection as Options for Control of Viral and Parasitic Foodborne Disease
Lee-Ann Jaykus
Table 1
Recent outbreaks of foodborne viral disease
| Agent | Location | Date | No. Cases | Food | Confirmationa | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HAV | Shanghai, China | Jan. 1988 | 300,000 (4% total population) | Raw clams | Yes (IEM, Hybridization, Cell culture, Experimental infection) | 18 |
| HAV | U.S. (AL, GA,FL, TN, HI) | July-Aug. 1988 | 61 | Raw oysters | Yes Antibody capture-RT-PCR) | 19 |
| SRSV | U.S. (LA) | Nov. 1993 | 40 | Raw oysters | No | 21 |
| SRSV | U.S. (LA, MD,MS, FL, NC | Nov. 1993 | 180 | Raw/steamed oysters | No | 22 |
| SRSV | U.S. (GA) | Dec. 1994 | 34 clusters | Steamed/roasted oysters | No | 22 |
| SRSV | U.S. (FL, TX) | Jan. 1995 | 3 | Oysters | No | 20 |
| Norwalk | U.S. (DE) | Sept.1987 | 191 | Commercial ice | No | 23 |
| Norwalk | U.S. (CO) | July, 1988 | 1440 | Celery/chicken salad | No | 24 |
aConfirmation of the virus, viral antigen, or viral acid in food specimens
HAV = hepatitis A virus; IEM = immune electron microscopy; RT-PCR = reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; SRSV = small round-structured gastrointestinal virus
