Volume 19, Number 3—March 2013
Research
Attribution of Foodborne Illnesses, Hospitalizations, and Deaths to Food Commodities by using Outbreak Data, United States, 1998–2008
John A. Painter
, Robert M. Hoekstra, Tracy Ayers, Robert V. Tauxe, Christopher R. Braden, Frederick J. Angulo, and Patricia M. Griffin
, Robert M. Hoekstra, Tracy Ayers, Robert V. Tauxe, Christopher R. Braden, Frederick J. Angulo, and Patricia M. Griffin
Table 4
Estimated percentages of foodborne illnesses caused by each pathogen that were attributed to each food commodity, by etiology, United States, 1998–2008*
| Etiologic agent (no. outbreaks analyzed) |
% Illnesses
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Aquatic animals
|
Land animals
|
Plants
|
UND | |||||||||||||||||
|
Shellfish
|
Meat-poultry
|
Produce
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Meat
|
Vegetables
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Fish | Crusta ceans | Mollusk | Dairy | Eggs | Beef | Game | Pork | Poultry | Grains- beans | Oils- sugars | Fruits- nuts | Fungi | Leafy | Root | Sprout | Vine- stalk | ||||
| Bacterial (2,469) | 0.4 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 18.0 | 4.9 | 13.2 | 0.1 | 9.8 | 17.9 | 5.0 | 6.3 | 0.0 | 5.2 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 12.0 | 0.0 | |||
| Bacillus cereus (197) | 1.0 | 8.1 | 0.9 | 8.6 | 7.8 | 16.2 | 36.8 | 19.9 | 0.8 | |||||||||||
| Brucella spp. (4) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Campylobacter spp. (138) | 0.1 | 6.3 | 64.8 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 7.6 | 1.1 | 8.8 | 5.8 | 4.1 | ||||||||||
| Clostridium botulinum (30) | 40.3 | 4.7 | 9.4 | 1.8 | 22.6 | 21.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Clostridium perfringens (461) | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 33.1 | 7.2 | 31.3 | 12.7 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 11.6 | ||||||||||
| Escherichia spp. (206) | 5.8 | 2.3 | 28.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 40.5 | 17.3 | 0.4 | 4.2 | |||||||||
| ETEC (11) | 51.4 | 48.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| O157 STEC (186) | 7.6 | 39.4 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 21.1 | 27.3 | 1.2 | |||||||||||
| Non-O157 STEC (6) | 29.7 | 62.2 | 8.1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other (3) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes (21) | 15.9 | 2.2 | 7.5 | 68.4 | 6.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Mycobacterium bovis (0) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Salmonella enterica (877) | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 7.2 | 14.8 | 7.3 | 0.4 | 6.2 | 19.0 | 2.9 | 13.0 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 20.7 | ||||
| ser. Enteritidis (284) | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 60.3 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 17.4 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 11.3 | |||||||||
| ser. Heidelberg (66) | 37.6 | 9.6 | 24.3 | 28.6 | ||||||||||||||||
| ser. Javiana (17) | 10.1 | 1.4 | 48.4 | 6.7 | 5.4 | 28.1 | ||||||||||||||
| ser. Newport (58) | 9.1 | 12.2 | 5.8 | 10.1 | 11.5 | 7.4 | 5.8 | 38.2 | ||||||||||||
| ser. Typhimurium (106) | 1.8 | 23.3 | 2.8 | 7.1 | 0.8 | 8.2 | 34.0 | 0.3 | 5.3 | 0.7 | 4.1 | 11.6 | ||||||||
| ser. Typhi (2) | 0.8 | 0.1 | 3.5 | 5.7 | 8.8 | 0.5 | 7.5 | 15.9 | 6.3 | 17.8 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 4.5 | 26.2 | ||||||
| Other (344) | 100.0 | . | ||||||||||||||||||
| Shigella spp. (63) | 1.4 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 32.6 | 49.4 | |||||||||
| Staphylococcus aureus (384) | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 7.5 | 4.5 | 7.7 | 0.2 | 44.7 | 27.0 | 1.8 | 4.4 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| Streptococcus spp. group A (1) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Vibrio spp. (80) | 7.4 | 16.7 | 72.9 | 2.8 | 0.2 | |||||||||||||||
| V. cholerae, toxigenic (3) | 50.0 | 50.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| V. parahaemolyticus (68) | 25.1 | 70.6 | 4.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| V. vulnificus (0) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other (9) | 22.2 | 77.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Yersinia
enterocolitica (7)
|
.
|
|
|
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemical (632) | 59.8 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 8.0 | 5.2 | 0.9 | 11.8 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 0.5 | 1.5 | ||||
| Marine biotoxins (527) | 97.3 | 0.5 | 2.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Mycotoxins (16) | 58.6 | 41.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Other chemicals (89)
|
5.4
|
0.5
|
.
|
|
4.1
|
7.6
|
0.7
|
1.7
|
0.2
|
21.4
|
|
14.0
|
2.5
|
26.3
|
0.3
|
9.8
|
1.3
|
|
4.0
|
|
| Parasitic (33) | 0.4 | 32.9 | 0.1 | 25.9 | 3.1 | 0.5 | 37.1 | |||||||||||||
| Anisakis simplex (1) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cryptosporidium spp. (3) | 100.0 | . | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cyclospora cayetanensis (16) | 25.9 | 63.6 | 10.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Giardia intestinalis (4) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Toxoplasma gondii (0) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
Trichinella spp. (9)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Viral (1,455) | 1.7 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 12.1 | 7.0 | 2.8 | 0.1 | 3.0 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 1.1 | 14.6 | 35.4 | 4.6 | . | 5.8 | 0.3 | |||
| Astrovirus (0) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Hepatitis A virus (29) | 0.6 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 63.2 | 26.0 | 2.0 | |||||||||||||
| Norovirus (1,419) | 1.4 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 12.3 | 7.1 | 2.9 | 0.1 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 1.2 | 14.7 | 35.5 | 4.6 | 5.8 | |||||
| Rotavirus (5) | 98.3 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Sapovirus (2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46.2
|
|
|
|
53.8
|
|
|
|
|
| Total (4,589) | 2.7 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 13.8 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 0.1 | 5.4 | 9.8 | 4.5 | 0.7 | 11.7 | 0.0 | 22.3 | 3.6 | 0.3 | 7.9 | 1.1 | ||
*See online Technical Appendix 1 Table 2 (wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/19/3/11-1866-Techapp1.pdf) for breakdown of outbreaks by those involving simple food or complex food, number of outbreak-associated illnesses, and estimated annual number of illnesses used to determine the percentages. A value of 0.0 indicates percentage below 0.1%; blank cells indicate no illnesses in that category. UND, undetermined; ser., serotype; STEC, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli; ETEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli; other, diarrheagenic E. coli other than STEC or ETEC.
Page created: February 25, 2013
Page updated: February 25, 2013
Page reviewed: February 25, 2013
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.