Volume 19, Number 3—March 2013
Research
Attribution of Foodborne Illnesses, Hospitalizations, and Deaths to Food Commodities by using Outbreak Data, United States, 1998–2008
John A. Painter
, Robert M. Hoekstra, Tracy Ayers, Robert V. Tauxe, Christopher R. Braden, Frederick J. Angulo, and Patricia M. Griffin
, Robert M. Hoekstra, Tracy Ayers, Robert V. Tauxe, Christopher R. Braden, Frederick J. Angulo, and Patricia M. GriffinTable 4
Estimated percentages of foodborne illnesses caused by each pathogen that were attributed to each food commodity, by etiology, United States, 1998–2008*
| Etiologic agent (no. outbreaks analyzed) |
% Illnesses
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Aquatic animals
|
Land animals
|
Plants
|
UND | |||||||||||||||||
|
Shellfish
|
Meat-poultry
|
Produce
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Meat
|
Vegetables
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Fish | Crusta ceans | Mollusk | Dairy | Eggs | Beef | Game | Pork | Poultry | Grains- beans | Oils- sugars | Fruits- nuts | Fungi | Leafy | Root | Sprout | Vine- stalk | ||||
| Bacterial (2,469) | 0.4 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 18.0 | 4.9 | 13.2 | 0.1 | 9.8 | 17.9 | 5.0 | 6.3 | 0.0 | 5.2 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 12.0 | 0.0 | |||
| Bacillus cereus (197) | 1.0 | 8.1 | 0.9 | 8.6 | 7.8 | 16.2 | 36.8 | 19.9 | 0.8 | |||||||||||
| Brucella spp. (4) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Campylobacter spp. (138) | 0.1 | 6.3 | 64.8 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 7.6 | 1.1 | 8.8 | 5.8 | 4.1 | ||||||||||
| Clostridium botulinum (30) | 40.3 | 4.7 | 9.4 | 1.8 | 22.6 | 21.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Clostridium perfringens (461) | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 33.1 | 7.2 | 31.3 | 12.7 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 11.6 | ||||||||||
| Escherichia spp. (206) | 5.8 | 2.3 | 28.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 40.5 | 17.3 | 0.4 | 4.2 | |||||||||
| ETEC (11) | 51.4 | 48.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| O157 STEC (186) | 7.6 | 39.4 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 21.1 | 27.3 | 1.2 | |||||||||||
| Non-O157 STEC (6) | 29.7 | 62.2 | 8.1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other (3) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes (21) | 15.9 | 2.2 | 7.5 | 68.4 | 6.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Mycobacterium bovis (0) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Salmonella enterica (877) | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 7.2 | 14.8 | 7.3 | 0.4 | 6.2 | 19.0 | 2.9 | 13.0 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 20.7 | ||||
| ser. Enteritidis (284) | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 60.3 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 17.4 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 11.3 | |||||||||
| ser. Heidelberg (66) | 37.6 | 9.6 | 24.3 | 28.6 | ||||||||||||||||
| ser. Javiana (17) | 10.1 | 1.4 | 48.4 | 6.7 | 5.4 | 28.1 | ||||||||||||||
| ser. Newport (58) | 9.1 | 12.2 | 5.8 | 10.1 | 11.5 | 7.4 | 5.8 | 38.2 | ||||||||||||
| ser. Typhimurium (106) | 1.8 | 23.3 | 2.8 | 7.1 | 0.8 | 8.2 | 34.0 | 0.3 | 5.3 | 0.7 | 4.1 | 11.6 | ||||||||
| ser. Typhi (2) | 0.8 | 0.1 | 3.5 | 5.7 | 8.8 | 0.5 | 7.5 | 15.9 | 6.3 | 17.8 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 4.5 | 26.2 | ||||||
| Other (344) | 100.0 | . | ||||||||||||||||||
| Shigella spp. (63) | 1.4 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 32.6 | 49.4 | |||||||||
| Staphylococcus aureus (384) | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 7.5 | 4.5 | 7.7 | 0.2 | 44.7 | 27.0 | 1.8 | 4.4 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| Streptococcus spp. group A (1) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Vibrio spp. (80) | 7.4 | 16.7 | 72.9 | 2.8 | 0.2 | |||||||||||||||
| V. cholerae, toxigenic (3) | 50.0 | 50.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| V. parahaemolyticus (68) | 25.1 | 70.6 | 4.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| V. vulnificus (0) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other (9) | 22.2 | 77.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Yersinia
enterocolitica (7)
|
.
|
|
|
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemical (632) | 59.8 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 8.0 | 5.2 | 0.9 | 11.8 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 0.5 | 1.5 | ||||
| Marine biotoxins (527) | 97.3 | 0.5 | 2.2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Mycotoxins (16) | 58.6 | 41.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Other chemicals (89)
|
5.4
|
0.5
|
.
|
|
4.1
|
7.6
|
0.7
|
1.7
|
0.2
|
21.4
|
|
14.0
|
2.5
|
26.3
|
0.3
|
9.8
|
1.3
|
|
4.0
|
|
| Parasitic (33) | 0.4 | 32.9 | 0.1 | 25.9 | 3.1 | 0.5 | 37.1 | |||||||||||||
| Anisakis simplex (1) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cryptosporidium spp. (3) | 100.0 | . | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cyclospora cayetanensis (16) | 25.9 | 63.6 | 10.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Giardia intestinalis (4) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Toxoplasma gondii (0) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
Trichinella spp. (9)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Viral (1,455) | 1.7 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 12.1 | 7.0 | 2.8 | 0.1 | 3.0 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 1.1 | 14.6 | 35.4 | 4.6 | . | 5.8 | 0.3 | |||
| Astrovirus (0) | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Hepatitis A virus (29) | 0.6 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 63.2 | 26.0 | 2.0 | |||||||||||||
| Norovirus (1,419) | 1.4 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 12.3 | 7.1 | 2.9 | 0.1 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 1.2 | 14.7 | 35.5 | 4.6 | 5.8 | |||||
| Rotavirus (5) | 98.3 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Sapovirus (2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46.2
|
|
|
|
53.8
|
|
|
|
|
| Total (4,589) | 2.7 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 13.8 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 0.1 | 5.4 | 9.8 | 4.5 | 0.7 | 11.7 | 0.0 | 22.3 | 3.6 | 0.3 | 7.9 | 1.1 | ||
*See online Technical Appendix 1 Table 2 (wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/19/3/11-1866-Techapp1.pdf) for breakdown of outbreaks by those involving simple food or complex food, number of outbreak-associated illnesses, and estimated annual number of illnesses used to determine the percentages. A value of 0.0 indicates percentage below 0.1%; blank cells indicate no illnesses in that category. UND, undetermined; ser., serotype; STEC, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli; ETEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli; other, diarrheagenic E. coli other than STEC or ETEC.
