Volume 17, Number 1—January 2011
Dispatch
Serodiagnosis of Primary Infections with Human Parvovirus 4, Finland
Anne Lahtinen, Pia Kivelä, Lea Hedman, Arun Kumar, Anu Kantele, Maija Lappalainen, Kirsi Liitsola, Matti Ristola, Eric Delwart, Colin P. Sharp, Peter Simmonds, Maria Söderlund-Venermo, and Klaus Hedman
Table 2
Characteristics of PARV4 IgG–positive and IgG–negative HIV-infected injection drug users, Finland*
| Characteristic | IgG positive, n = 61 | IgG negative, n = 17 | p value† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (range) | 35 (17–61) | 31 (21–55) | 0.069 |
| Male sex |
44/61 (72) |
12/17 (71) |
1.000 |
| Main drug was amphetamine‡ | 38/61 (62) | 10/17 (59) | 0.786 |
| Duration of injection, y, median (range) | 10 (0–36) | 7 (0–30) | 0.259 |
| Duration of injection >10 y |
45/59 (76) |
7/17 (44) |
0.029 |
| History of imprisonment | 49/61 (80) | 9/17 (53) | 0.031 |
| Education <9 y |
52/59 (88) |
10/17 (59) |
0.011 |
| HCV antibody positive | 59/60 (98) | 14/15 (93) | 0.362 |
| HBsAg positive | 3/61 (5) | 3/17 (18) | 0.114 |
| HBc IgG positive | 46/60 (77) | 9/17 (56) | 0.124 |
| Used antiretroviral therapy§ | 29/61 (48) | 4/17 (24) | 0.099 |
| CD4 cell count/µL, median§ |
303 |
323 |
0.168 |
| Present situation | |||
| Unstable living conditions (no permanent address) | 35/59 (60) | 5/15 (33) | 0.088 |
| Employed‡ |
0/53 (0) |
3/16 (19) |
0.009 |
| Risk behavior | |||
| Loaned needles or syringes | 49/59 (83) | 9/16 (56) | 0.040 |
| Borrowed needles or syringes | 56/58 (97) | 15/16 (94) | 0.524 |
| Had sexually transmitted diseases | 37/57 (65) | 7/17 (41) | 0.097 |
| Had commercial sex |
18/61 (30) |
8/15 (53) |
0.127 |
| Risk behavior past 6 mo | |||
| Used drugs | 48/61 (79) | 8/17 (47) | 0.016 |
| Used injection drugs | 46/61 (75) | 8/17 (47) | 0.037 |
| Used condoms inconsistently | 25/61 (41) | 7/16 (44) | 1.000 |
| Had >2 sex partners | 16/61 (26) | 7/17 (41) | 0.244 |
*Values are no. positive/no. tested (%) unless otherwise indicated. PARV4, parvovirus 4; Ig, immunoglobulin; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HBc, hepatitis B core antigen;
†By Fisher exact test or Mann-Whitney U test. Values in boldface are significant.
‡At the time of interview.
§Closest to the sampling for PARV4 tests.
Page created: July 08, 2011
Page updated: July 08, 2011
Page reviewed: July 08, 2011
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