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Volume 10, Number 4—April 2004
Research

Maternal Malaria and Perinatal HIV Transmission, Western Kenya1,2

John G. Ayisi*†, Anna M. van Eijk*†, Robert D. Newman‡Comments to Author , Feiko O. ter Kuile*†‡, Ya Ping Shi*‡, Chunfu Yang‡, Margarette S. Kolczak‡, Juliana A. Otieno§, Ambrose O. Misore§, Piet A. Kager†, Renu B. Lal‡, Richard W. Steketee‡, and Bernard L. Nahlen‡¶
Author affiliations: *Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; †University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ‡Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; §Ministry of Health, Kisumu, Kenya; ¶World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Main Article

Table 1

Characteristics of HIV-positive women and their newborns participating in perinatal HIV transmission study, Kisumu, western Kenya, 1996–2001a

Characteristic All women (N = 512)b
Maternal sociodemographic
   Luo ethnicity
 86.5%
   Mean age (y) ± SD
 22.4±4.4 (range 14–39)
   Mean gravidity ± SD
 2.3±1.4 (range 1–9)
   Primigravid
 35.9%
   Completed primary education (≥8 y)
 68.0% (n = 510)
   No salaried employment
 74.3%
   Married
 78.4%
History of fever and treatment for malaria
   History of fever previous week at screening
 23.2% (n = 509)
   History of fever a fortnight before delivery
 28.0% (n = 511)
   Treated with antimalarials in current pregnancy
 30.9%
   Treated with chloroquine during current pregnancy
 16.6%
   Axillary temperature ≥37.5°C at screening
 2.9% (n = 455)
Laboratory
   VDRL-positive
 7.3% (n = 385)
   Hemoglobin <11 g/dL at screening
 84.4% (n = 418)
   Hemoglobin <8 g/dL at screening
 20.6% (n = 418)
   Mean maternal CD4+ count (% <200 cells/μL) 1 mo postpartum
 629±334 (4.7%) (n = 464)
   Mean maternal log10 viral load at delivery (% below detection limit of 400 copies)
 3.28±0.92 (33.0%) (n = 455)
   Peripheral parasitemia at screening
 21.9% (n = 415)
   Peripheral parasitemia at delivery
 19.7% (n = 497)
   Placental malaria
 25.0%
Delivery
   Episiotomy or perineal tear
 36.4%
   Mean duration of rupture of membranes ± SD (% >4 hours)
 2.7±6.2 (15.4%)
Newborn
   Mean birth weight (% low birth weight)
 3144±420 (5.5%)
   Prematurity (<37 wks completed gestation)
 8.2%
   Maternal HIV transmitters 102 (19.9%)

aVDRL, venereal disease research laboratory slide test.
bIf characteristic not measured for all 512 women, n is given in parentheses.

Main Article

1This work was presented in part at the Epidemic Intelligence Service Conference, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, April 2001, Atlanta, GA.

2Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Kenya Medical Research Institute or The Ministry of Health, Kenya, or by the Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Page created: February 09, 2011
Page updated: February 09, 2011
Page reviewed: February 09, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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