Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 13, Number 11—November 2007
Perspective

Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Program

Anette M. Hammerum*Comments to Author , Ole E. Heuer†, Hanne-Dorthe Emborg†, Line Bagger-Skjøt*, Vibeke F. Jensen†, Anne-Marie Rogues*, Robert L. Skov*, Yvonne Agersø†, Christian T. Brandt*, Anne Mette Seyfarth†, Arno Muller*, Karin Hovgaard‡, Justin Ajufo§, Flemming Bager†, Frank M. Aarestrup†, Niels Frimodt-Møller*, Henrik C. Wegener†, and Dominique L. Monnet*
Author affiliations: *Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; †Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; ‡Danish Medicine Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark; §Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Søborg, Denmark;

Main Article

Figure 2

Consumption of prescribed antimicrobial agents and growth promoters in animal production and prescribed antibacterial agents in humans, Denmark, 1990–2005 (12).

Figure 2. Consumption of prescribed antimicrobial agents and growth promoters in animal production and prescribed antibacterial agents in humans, Denmark, 1990–2005 (12).

Main Article

References
  1. Swann  MN. Joint committee on the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office; 1969.
  2. Bates  J, Jordens  Z, Selkon  JB. Evidence for an animal origin of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Lancet. 1993;342:4901. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Klare  I, Heier  H, Claus  H, Reissbrodt  R, Witte  W. vanA-mediated high-level glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecium from animal husbandry. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1995;125:16571. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Aarestrup  FM. Occurrence of glycopeptide resistance among Enterococcus faecium isolates from conventional and ecological poultry farms. Microb Drug Resist. 1995;1:2557. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. National Veterinary Institute. Usage of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in Norway [in Norwegian]. 2004 [cited 2006 Dec 12]. Available from http://www.vetinst.no/nor/tjenester/publikasjoner/norm_norm_vet_rapporten/norm_norm_vet_rapporten_2005
  6. National Veterinary Institute. Swedish veterinary antimicrobial resistance monitoring (SVARM). 2005 [cited 2006 Dec 12]. Available from http://www.sva.se/upload/pdf/tjänster%20och%20produkter/trycksaker/svarm2005.pdf
  7. Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy. NETHMAP 2006—consumption of antimicrobial agents and antimicrobial resistance among medically important bacteria in the Netherlands. 2006 [cited 2006 Dec 20]. Available from http://www.swab.nl/swab/swabcms.nsf/(webfiles)/5f2f75e50c97e933c125718d002fa730/$file/nethmap_2006.pdf
  8. Veterinary Antibiotic Usage and Resistance Surveillance Working Group. MARAN 2004: monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic usage in animals in the Netherlands [cited 2006 Dec 12]. Available from http://www.cidc-lelystad.wur.nl/nr/rdonlyres/b281959d-ac66-4326-9c86-35364655e5a6/11382/maran2004web1.pdf
  9. Public Health Agency of Canada. Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS). 2004 [cited 2006 Dec 12]. Available from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/cipars-picra/pdf/cipars-picra-2004_e.pdf
  10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for enteric bacteria (NARMS): 2003 human isolates final report. 2006 [cited 2006 Dec 12]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/narms/annual/2003/narms2003annualreport.pdf
  11. Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Program. DANMAP-97—consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. 1997 [cited 2006 Dec 1]. Available from http://www.danmap.org/pdffiles/danmap_1996_uk.pdf
  12. Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Program. DANMAP-2005—consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. 2005 [cited 2006 Dec 1]. Available from http://www.danmap.org/pdffiles/danmap_2005.pdf
  13. Frimodt-Møller  N, Monnet  DL, Sørensen  TL. Increased resistance to macrolide antibiotics. 2001 Jan 24 [cited 2006 Dec 1]. Available from http://www.ssi.dk/sw2863.asp
  14. Hammerum  AM, Bagger-Skjøt  L, Frimodt-Møller  N, Brandt  CT, Skov  RL, Monnet  DL, DANMAP 2005—antibiotic consumption and resistance. 2006 Aug 30 [cited 2006 Dec 12]. Available from http://www.ssi.dk/graphics/en/news/epinews/2006/PDF/2006-35-final-www.pdf
  15. Gervelmeyer  A, Skov  RL. MRSA infections. 2004 Jan 21 [cited 2006 Dec 1]. Available from http://www.ssi.dk/graphics/en/news/epinews/2004/pdf/2004_4.pdf
  16. Skov  R, Jensen  ET, Stangerup  M, Mølbak  K. MRSA: new guideline and mandatory notification. 2006 Nov 1 [cited 2007 23 Aug]. Available from http://www.ssi.dk/graphics/en/news/epinews/2006/PDF/epinews_44_2006.pdf
  17. Heuer  OE, Pedersen  K, Jensen  LB, Madsen  M, Olsen  JE. Persistence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in broiler houses after the avoparcin ban. Microb Drug Resist. 2002;8:35561. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Borgen  K, Sørum  M, Kruse  H, Wasteson  Y. Persistence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) on Norwegian broiler farms. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2000;191:2558. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Aarestrup  FM. Characterization of glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium (GRE) from broilers and pigs in Denmark: genetic evidence that persistence of GRE in pig herds is associated with coselection by resistance to macrolides. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:27747.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Hammerum  AM, Lester  CH, Neimann  J, Porsbo  LJ, Olsen  KE, Jensen  LB, A vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolate from a Danish healthy volunteer, detected 7 years after the ban of avoparcin, is possibly related to pig isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;53:5479. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Hammerum  AM, Porsbo  LJ, Olsen  KEP, Lester  CH, Heuer  OE, Monnet  DL, The first two vanA-positive VAN-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates from non-hospitalized humans in Denmark. In: Abstracts of the 46th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2006 Sep 27–30; San Francisco. Washington: American Society for Microbiology; 2006.
  22. Lester  CH, Frimodt-Moller  N, Sorensen  TL, Monnet  DL, Hammerum  AM. In vivo transfer of the vanA resistance gene from an Enterococcus faecium isolate of animal origin to an E. faecium isolate of human origin in the intestines of human volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50:5969. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Lester  CH, Frimodt-Møller  N, Hammerum  AM. Conjugal transfer of aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance between Enterococcus faecium isolates in the intestine of streptomycin-treated mice. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2004;235:38591. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Willems  RJ, Top  J, van Santen  M, Robinson  DA, Coque  TM, Baquero  F, Global spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium from distinct nosocomial genetic complex. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;1:8218.
  25. European Union. EC regulation no. 1831/2003. On additives for use in animal nutrition. Official Journal of the European Union; 2003.
  26. Frimodt-Møller  N. Microbial threat—the Copenhagen recommendations initiative of the EU. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2004;51:4002. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Program. DANMAP 2004—consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. 2005 Jul [cited 2006 Dec 1]. Available from http://www.danmap.org/pdffiles/danmap_2004.pdf
  28. Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Program. DANMAP 98—consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. 1999 Jul [cited 2006 Dec 1]. Available from http://www.danmap.org/pdffiles/danmap_1998.pdf
  29. Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Program. DANMAP 2000—consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. 2001 Jul [cited 2006 Dec 1]. Available from http://www.danmap.org/pdffiles/danmap_2000.pdf
  30. European Food Safety Authority. The community summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and antimicrobial resistance in the European Union in 2004. 2005 Dec 12 [cited 2006 Dec 12]. Available from http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_1178620772157.htm
  31. Hakanen  A, Jousimies-Somer  H, Siitonen  A, Huovinen  P, Kotilainen  P. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates in travelers returning to Finland: association of ciprofloxacin resistance to travel destination. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:26770.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. Ferech  M, Coenen  S, Malhotra-Kumar  S, Dvorakova  K, Hendrickx  E, Suetens  C, European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC): outpatient antibiotic use in Europe. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;58:4017. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. Ferech  M, Coenen  S, Malhotra-Kumar  S, Dvorakova  K, Hendrickx  E, Suetens  C, European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC): outpatient quinolone use in Europe. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;58:4237. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  34. Muscat  M, Brandt  CT, Frimodt-Møller  N, Monnet  DL. Increase in ciprofloxacin use and resistance. 2004 Oct 6 [cited 2006 Dec 14]. Available from http://www.ssi.dk/graphics/en/news/epinews/2004/pdf/2004_41.pdf
  35. Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Program. DANMAP 2001—consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. 2002 Jul [cited 2006 Dec 1]. Available from http://www.danmap.org/pdffiles/danmap_2001.pdf
  36. Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Program. DANMAP 99—consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. 2000 Jul [cited 2007 Mar 31]. Available from http://www.danmap.org/pdffiles/danmap_1999.pdf
  37. Heuer  OE, Jensen  VF, Hammerum  AM. Antimicrobial drug consumption in companion animals. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:3445.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. Moodley  A, Stegger  M, Bagcigil  AF, Baptiste  KE, Loeffler  A, Lloyd  DH, Spa typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from domestic animals and veterinary staff in the UK and Ireland. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;58:111823. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. Bagger-Skjøt  L, Nielsen  EM, Sandvang  D, Ethelberg  S, Monnet  DL, Hammerum  AM. Less frequent Salmonella serotypes as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance. In: Abstracts of the 46th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2006 Sep 27–30; San Francisco. Washington: American Society for Microbiology; 2006. Abstract C2-1345.
  40. Kamper-Jørgensen  Z, Thomsen  . Tubercolosis 2004, part II. 2005 Dec 14 [cited 2006 Dec 1]. Available from http://www.ssi.dk/graphics/en/news/epinews/2005/pdf/2005_50.pdf

Main Article

Page created: July 06, 2010
Page updated: July 06, 2010
Page reviewed: July 06, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external