Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 15, Number 4—April 2009
THEME ISSUE
The Amazon Region
Synopsis

High Incidence of Diseases Endemic to the Amazon Region of Brazil, 2001–2006

Gerson PennaComments to Author , Luiz Felipe Pinto, Daniel Soranz, and Ruth Glatt
Author affiliations: University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil (G. Penna); Serra dos Órgãos Education Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (L.F. Pinto, D. Soranz); Federal Ministry of Health, Brasília (R. Glatt)

Main Article

Table 3

Incidence of 5 reportable diseases, by level of education, Amazon region of Brazil*

Education level, y 2001† 2002† 2003 2004 2005 2006
Malaria
<1 – – 3,501.2 2,141.0 2,619.9 2,578.4
1–3 – – 3,934.6 4,199.2 5,393.4 4,420.6
4–7 – – 1674.0 1,883.4 2,313.3 2,041.8
8–11 – – 582.1 682.9 815.3 763.0
>12 – – 1,405.5 1,197.3 1,502.4 1,125.9
Total
 –
 –
 2,360.1
 2,025.1
 2,473.7
 2,094.3
Leishmaniasis
<1 146.0 121.3 115.9 100.0 90.7 66.6
1–3 19.9 101.0 144.8 142.6 122.3 96.0
4–7 181.0 120.0 125.1 109.1 95.2 74.2
8–11 31.2 45.1 55.3 47.8 42.0 33.9
>12 24.8 65.0 64.4 43.6 33.3 26.2
Total
 95.4
 95.0
 108.6
 95.9
 80.8
 62.0
Dengue fever
<1 150.2 121.8 101.4 53.4 79.7 78.4
1–3 37.0 114.5 180.8 118.5 171.8 129.9
4–7 405.5 250.5 209.1 112.2 185.9 161.6
8–11 269.5 178.0 228.9 120.1 185.1 156.7
>12 456.8 326.1 405.0 204.2 271.4 226.9
Total
 251.0
 187.3
 205.4
 114.3
 177.6
 151.4
Leprosy
<1 182.8 166.9 147.9 138.7 128.5 100.7
1–3 33.1 110.5 137.2 135.7 126.7 101.0
4–7 175.0 121.0 102.6 94.5 88.4 70.2
8–11 43.6 57.1 63.9 58.5 56.9 42.4
>12 44.8 83.2 88.5 69.7 58.9 45.4
Total
 107.2
 108.2
 105.9
 97.7
 90.0
 69.3
Tuberculosis
<1 107.3 99.4 87.5 82.3 78.4 69.5
1–3 19.2 59.1 76.1 70.4 71.3 65.5
4–7 95.5 64.0 49.8 49.4 47.2 46.0
8–11 38.9 38.4 39.2 44.5 40.9 39.5
>12 43.5 71.4 55.8 54.6 49.5 42.2
Total 63.8 61.1 58.6 57.3 54.3 50.2

*Values were standardized in the Inter-Agency Health Information Network database (Pan American Health Organization, 2008) (11) for each disease. Malaria: annual parasitic index/100,000 population; leishmaniasis, dengue fever, and tuberculosis: incidence rate/100,000 population; leprosy: detection coefficient/100,000 population. Data for malaria were obtained from the National Malaria Database (2001 and 2002) and Information System of Epidemiological Surveillance of Malaria (2003–2005), and data for the other diseases were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Information System/Secretariat of Health Surveillance/Ministry of Health.
†This information was not systematized for malaria in the National Malaria Database in 2001 and 2002.

Main Article

References
  1. Cruz  OG. Considerações gerais sobre as condições sanitárias do rio Madeira. Rio de Janeiro: Papelaria Americana; 1910.
  2. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Population estimates for July 2007 [cited 2009 Jan 16]. Available from http://www.datasus.gov.br
  3. Ceccim  RB, Pinto  LF. Education and specialization of health professionals and the political need to face social and regional inequalities [in Portuguese]. Rev Bras Educ Med. 2007;31:266–77. DOIGoogle Scholar
  4. Brazilian Medical Association. Escolas Médicas do Brasil [cited 2009 Jan 17]. Available from http://www.escolasmedicas.com.br/intern2.php
  5. Brazil Ministry of Health. Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES). Recursos humanos – profissionais – indivíduos segundo a CBO 2002 – Brasil [cited 2009 Jan 17]. Available from http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?cnes/cnv/prid02br.def
  6. National Commission on Social Determinants in Health. As causas sociais das iniqüidades em saúde no Brasil. Final Report, April 2008 [cited 2009 Jan 17]. Available from http://www.cndss.fiocruz.br/pdf/home/relatorio.pdf
  7. Confalonieri  UE. Saúde na Amazônia: um modelo conceitual para análise de paisagens e doenças. Estudos Avançados. 2005;19:221–36.
  8. Brazil. Complementary law no. 124, January 3, 2007 [in Portuguese] [cited 2009 Jan 17]. Available from ftp://geoftp.ibge.gov.br/Organizacao/AmazoniaLegal/Lista_de_Municípios_da_Amazônia_Legal.XLS
  9. Brazil Ministry of Health, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Department of Epidemiological Surveillance. Doenças infecciosas e parasitárias—Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Série B. Textos Básicos de Saúde. 6th ed. Brasília: The Ministry; 2006.
  10. Brazil Ministry of Health. Sistema de informações hospitalares do sistema único de Saúde (SIH-SUS). Informações de saúde. Morbidade hospitalar. Ministério da Saúde [cited 2009 Jan 17]. Available from http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?sih/cnv/mrbr.def
  11. Pan American Health Organization. Rede interagencial de informações para a saúde (RIPSA). Indicadores básicos de saúde no Brasil: conceitos e aplicações. Brasília: The Organization; 2008.
  12. Statistical analysis system software. Cary (NC): SAS Institute.
  13. Santos  JL, Levy  MS, Szmrecsanyi  T, eds. Dinâmica da população—teoria, métodos a técnicas de análise. São Paulo: TA Queiroz; 1980.
  14. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Contagem populacional de 1996. Rio de Janeiro: 1996 [cited 2009 Jan 17]. Available from http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/listabl.asp?z=cd&o=15&i=P&c=473
  15. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Censo Demográfico 2000 Educação - Resultados da amostra. Arquivos EDUC MMMc_0003_XX_010200.XLS. Rio de Janeiro; 2000 [cited 2009 Jan 17]. Available from http://www.ibge.gov.br, link Estatística/DownloaddeArquivos/Censo/CensoDemográficode2000/Educação/Municipios
  16. Siqueira  JB Jr, Martelli  CM, Coelho  GE, Simplicio  AC, Hatch  DL. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, Brazil, 1981–2002. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:48–53.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Brazil Ministry of Education. Microdados do censo de educação superior [cited 2009 Jan 17]. Available from http://www.inep.gov.br/basica/levantamentos/acessar.htm
  18. Marques  AC. Migrations and dissemination of malaria in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1986;81(Suppl II):39–41.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Gil  LH, Tada  MS, Katsuragawa  TH, Ribolla  PE, Silva  LH. Urban and suburban malaria in Rondônia (Brazilian Western Amazon). II. Perennial transmissions with high anopheline densities are associated with human environmental changes. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2007;102:271–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Tada  MS, Marques  RP, Martha  CD, Rodrigues  JA, Neves Costa  JD, Pepelascov  RR, Urban malaria in the Brazilian Western Amazon Region. I. High prevalence of asymptomatic carriers in an urban riverside district is associated with a high level of clinical malaria. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2007;102:263–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Control of the leishmaniases. Report of a WHO expert committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1990;793:1–158.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Campbell-Lendrum  D, Dujardin  JP, Martinez  E, Feliciangeli  MD, Perez  JE, Silans  LN, Domestic and peridomestic transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: changing epidemiological patterns present new control opportunities. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2001;96:159–62. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Pan American Health Organization. Enfermedades infecciosas emergentes y reemergentes, EER Noticias, Región de 48. Las Américas—2007 [cited 2009 Jan 17]. Available from http://www.paho.org/Spanish/AD/DPC/CD/eid-eer-2007-09-26.htm#bra
  24. Siqueira  JB Jr, Martelli  CM, Maciel  IJ, Oliveira  RM, Ribeiro  MG, Amorim  FP, Household survey of dengue infection in central Brazil: spatial point pattern analysis and risk factors assessment. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71:646–51.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Maciel  IJ, Siqueira  JB Jr, Martelli  CM. Epidemiologia e desafios no controle do dengue. Revista de Patologia Tropical. 2008;37:111–30.
  26. United Nations. The millennium development goals report. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs; 2008.
  27. Penna  ML, Penna  GO. Trend of case detection and leprosy elimination in Brazil. Trop Med Int Health. 2007;12:647–50.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. Martelli  CM, Stefani  MM, Penna  GO, Andrade  AL. Endemias e epidemias brasileiras, desafios e perspectivas de investigação científica: hanseníase. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia. 2002;5:273–85. DOIGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: December 10, 2010
Page updated: December 10, 2010
Page reviewed: December 10, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external