Volume 15, Number 4—April 2009
THEME ISSUE
The Amazon Region
Dispatches
Seroprevalence of Kaposi Sarcoma–associated Herpesvirus and Other Serologic Markers in the Brazilian Amazon
Maria C. Nascimento
, Laura M. Sumita, Vanda U. Souza, Helen A. Weiss, Juliane Oliveira, Melissa Mascheretti, Mariana Quiroga, Rodrigo A.R. Vela, Nuno R. Faria, Claudio S. Pannuti, and Philippe Mayaud
, Laura M. Sumita, Vanda U. Souza, Helen A. Weiss, Juliane Oliveira, Melissa Mascheretti, Mariana Quiroga, Rodrigo A.R. Vela, Nuno R. Faria, Claudio S. Pannuti, and Philippe Mayaud
Table 1
Seroprevalence of KSHV among 3 populations in the Brazilian Amazon*†
| Variables | Mapuera Amerindians, n = 339† |
Mapuera non-Amerindians, n = 181† |
Manaus blood donors, n = 1,133† |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % KSHV positive (no. tested) | OR (95% CI) | % KSHV positive (no. tested) | OR (95% CI) | % KSHV positive (no. tested) | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 79.2 (144) | 1 | 26.7 (75) | 1 | 28.6 (874) | 1 | ||
| Female | 82.6 (195) | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 27.4 (106) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 34.4 (259) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | ||
| p value |
0.4 |
0.1 |
0.08 |
|||||
| Age group, y | ||||||||
| 0–9 | 65.0 (43) | 0.1 (0.05–0.4) | 9.8 (51) | 0.1 (0.03–0.3) | – | – | ||
| 10–17 | 70.0 (93) | 0.2 (0.07–0.4) | 22.5 (40) | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | – | – | ||
| 18–34 | 86.5 (104) | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 27.3 (44) | 0.4 (0.1–0.9) | 29.6 (916) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | ||
| >35 | 92.9 (99) | 1 | 50.0 (46) | 1 | 31.3 (217) | 1 | ||
| p for trend |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
||||||
| Crowding‡ | ||||||||
| 1–2 | 93.7 (16) | 1 | 55.6 (9) | 1 | 32.6 (175) | 1 | ||
| 3 | 91.3 (23) | 0.7 (0.06–8.4) | 33.3 (15) | 0.4 (0.07–2.2) | 29.9 (941) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | ||
| >4 | 79.7 (300) | 0.3 (0.03–2.0) | 24.8 (145) | 0.3 (0.07–1.3) | 6.2 (16) | 0.4 (0.2–1.0) | ||
| p value |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| African | – | – | – | – | 29.6 (743) | 1 | ||
| Caucasian | – | – | – | – | 30.5 (308) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | ||
| Indigenous | 100 (339) | – | – | – | 53.8 (13 | 2.8 (0.9–8.3) | ||
| Other | – | – | 100 (181) | – | 25.8 (66) | 0.8 (0. 5–1.5) | ||
| p value |
0.08 |
|||||||
| Hepatitis A virus | ||||||||
| Negative | 83.3 (6) | 1 | 12.5 (16) | 1 | 42.9 (7)§ | 1 | ||
| Positive | 81.1 (333) | 0.9 (0.1–7.5) | 28.5 (165) | 2.8 (0.6–12.7) | 28.6 (154)§ | 0.5 (0.1–2.5) | ||
| p value |
0.9 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
|||||
| Hepatitis B virus | ||||||||
| Negative | 81.6 (315) | 1 | 32.0 (75)§ | 1 | 30.2 (1,075) | 1 | ||
| Positive | 73.9 (23) | 0.6 (0.2–1.7) | 53.3 (15)§ | 2.4 (0.8–7.5) | 25.0 (56) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | ||
| p value |
0.4 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
|||||
| Hepatitis C virus | ||||||||
| Negative | 81.0 (338) | 36.0 (90)† | 29.9 (1,129) | 1 | ||||
| Positive | 0 | 0 | 25.0 (4) | 0.8 (0.1–7.5) | ||||
| p value |
0.8 |
|||||||
| HSV-2 | ||||||||
| Negative | 81.5 (314) | 1 | 18.1 (127) | 1 | 27.8 (715) | 1 | ||
| Positive | 76.0 (25) | 0.7 (0.3–1.9) | 48.1 (54) | 4.2 (2.1–8.5) | 33.2 (406) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | ||
| p value |
0.5 |
<0.001 |
0.06 |
|||||
| Trepomena pallidum | ||||||||
| Negative | 81.0 (338) | – | 26.3 (171) | 1 | 29.9 (1,122) | 1 | ||
| Positive | 0 | 40.0 (10) | 1.9 (0.5–6.9) | 36.4 (11) | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | |||
| p value | 0.3 | 0.7 | ||||||
*Seroreactivity by any serologic assay, whole virus. KSHV, Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HSV-2, herpes simplex virus type 2.
†Some figures do not add up to the total because of missing data.
‡Number of residents living in the house.
§Only a random subsample tested.
Page created: December 10, 2010
Page updated: December 10, 2010
Page reviewed: December 10, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.