Volume 8, Number 10—October 2002
THEME ISSUE
Bioterrorism-related Anthrax
Bioterrorism-related Anthrax
First Case of Bioterrorism-Related Inhalational Anthrax, Florida, 2001: North Carolina Investigation
Table
Surveillance methods used to identify potential cases of systemic anthrax or a source of exposure for the Florida index case of inhalational anthrax, North Carolina, October 2001
Type of surveillance | Targeted population or outcome | Locations under surveillance |
---|---|---|
Intensive-care unit | Patients with illness compatible with systemic anthrax infectiona | 19 hospitals in North and South Carolinab |
Microbiology laboratory | Bacterial isolates potentially consistent with Bacillus anthracisc | 19 hospitals in North and South Carolina |
Medical examiner | Unexplained deaths possibly due to anthrax infection | Statewide |
Veterinarian | Unexplained deaths in livestock | Statewide |
Occupational | Unexplained illnesses or absences in employees | Tourist park visited by the index patient |
Environmental | Evidence of B. anthracis spores | Residence of index patient’s relative; tourist park visited by the index patient |
aClinical syndromes included fever and 1) severe respiratory disease, 2) mediastinitis or mediastinal lymphadenitis, 3) meningitis, or 4) hemorrhagic gastroenteritis.
bBased on the index patient’s route of travel, surveillance occurred in all 15 hospitals with intensive-care units in five North Carolina counties, as well as four regional referral centers in North Carolina (n=2) and South Carolina (n=2).
cA suspicious isolate was defined as 1) nontyped Bacillus species, 2) unidentified nonhemolytic, nonmotile gram-positive rod, or 3) any other unidentified bacteria that was discarded or sent to a referral laboratory.