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Volume 9, Number 8—August 2003
Research

Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease: Risk Factors for Adults

Stephanie H. Factor*†Comments to Author , Orin S. Levine‡, Benjamin Schwartz*, Lee H. Harrison§, Monica M. Farley¶, Allison McGeer#, and Anne Schuchat*
Author affiliations: *Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; †New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; ‡National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; §Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ¶Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; #Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Main Article

Table 3

Individual risk factor and multivariable analysis for risk factors for invasive group A streptococcal disease among case-patients and control subjects matched on age and zip code, 18–44 years of age, Atlanta, Baltimore, Toronto, 1997–1999a,b,c

Univariate analysis Multivariable analysis
Variable
 Case-patients
(n=48)
 Control subjects
(n=115)
 OR (95% CI)
 p value
 OR (95% CI)
 p value
Number of
persons
living in the
home
3+
1–2
 38 (79)
10 (21)
 80 (70)
35 (30)
 1.91 (0.81 to 4.47)
 0.14
Smoke expo-
sure
Current smoker with passive smoke exposure
 6 (13)
 17 (15)
 1.04 (0.32 to 3.37)
 0.95
Current smoker without passive smoke exposure
 12 (25)
 16 (14)
 2.35 (0.85 to 6.48)
 0.86
Passive smoke exposure
 6 (13)
 12 (10)
 1.82 (0.57 to 5.82)
 0.31
No smoke exposure
 24 (50)
 70 (61)
 1.00
Any child <18
years living in the
home
Yes
No
 30 (63)
18 (37)
 68 (59)
47 (41)
 1.25 (0.59 to 2.64)
 0.57
>1 Child with sore
throat in the family
Yes
No
 7 (15)
41 (85)
 7 (6)
108 (94)
 2.75 (0.87 to 8.70)
 0.09
 4.93 (1.24 to 19.68)
 0.02
Diabetes mellitis
Yes
No
 6 (13)
40 (87)
 5 (4)
107 (96)
 2.11 (0.63 to 7.10)
 0.23
Cancer
Yes
No
 0
47 (100)
 3 (3)
108 (97)
 0
 0.99
Varicella
Yes
No
 0
48 (100)
 0
115 (100)
Cirrhosis
Yes
No
 0
48 (100)
 0
115 (100)
Paralysis
Yes
No
 1 (2)
47 (98)
 0
115 (100)
Regular NSAID
use
Yes
No
 11 (26)
32 (74)
 31 (28)
78 (72)
 .97 (0.42 to 2.23)
 0.93
New use of
NSAIDs
Yes
No
 9 (19)
34 (81)
 10 (9)
100 (91)
 2.15 (0.79 to 5.80)
 0.13
Use of cortico-
steroids
Yes
No
 0
44 (100)
 3 (3)
109 (97)
 0
 0.99
HIV+
Yes
No
 7 (15)
39 (85)
 1 (1)
110 (99)
 12.66 (1.47 to 108.92)
 0.02
 15.01 (1.09 to 207.30)
 .04
Ever injected
drugs
Yes
No
 10 (22)
36 (78)
 3 (3)
110 (97)
 11.80 (2.46 to 56.66)
 0.002
 14.71 (2.52 to 85.70)
 .003
Alcohol use
(based on
CAGE questions)d
CAGE score 0
CAGE score 1
CAGE score 2
CAGE score 3
CAGE score 4 28 (72)
5 (13)
0
5 (13)
1 (3) 57 (68)
22 (26)
3 (4)
2 (2)
0 1.14 (0.69 to 1.89) 0.62

aOR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NSAID, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug.
bDue to missing data, for some variables, data for fewer than 48 case-patients and 115 control subjects were available.
cAnalyses controlled for race and sex.
dSource (7).

Main Article

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Page updated: December 22, 2010
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