Volume 10, Number 9—September 2004
Research
Space-Time Cluster Analysis of Invasive Meningococcal Disease
Christian J.P.A. Hoebe*
, Hester E. de Melker†, Lodewijk Spanjaard‡, Jacob Dankert‡1, and Nico Nagelkerke†
, Hester E. de Melker†, Lodewijk Spanjaard‡, Jacob Dankert‡1, and Nico Nagelkerke†
Table 1
Overview of meningococcal disease cases and serogroup profile of cases included for analysis, 1993–2001
| Characteristic | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999a | 2000 | 2001b | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reported cases (per 100,000 population) | 563 (3.7) | 422 (2.7) | 460 (3.0) | 482 (3.1) | 491 (3.2) | 505 (3.2) | 531 (3.4) | 516 (3.3) | 770 (4.8) | 4,740 (3.4) |
| Case-ascertainment (per 100,000 population) | 753 (4.9) | 571 (3.7) | 689 (4.5) | 659 (4.3) | 658 (4.2) | 704 (4.5) | 597 (3.7) | 532 (3.4) | 396 (5.9) | 5,559 (4.3) |
| Nonconfirmed casesc | 115 | 91 | 88 | 94 | 103 | 86 | 44 | 1 | 41 | 663 |
| Meningococcal cases included for analysis | 638 | 480 | 601 | 565 | 555 | 619 | 553 | 531 | 354 | 4,896 |
| Serogroup profiled | ||||||||||
| A | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| B (%) | 524 (82) | 399 (83) | 527 (88) | 498 (88) | 458 (83) | 536 (87) | 455 (82) | 413 (78) | 229 (65) | 4,039 (82) |
| C (%) | 101 (16) | 65 (12) | 57 (11) | 57 (11) | 81 (15) | 72 13) | 79 (15) | 103 (19) | 114 (21) | 729 (15) |
| W135 (%) | 4 (1) | 5 (1) | 7 (1) | 3 (1) | 6 (1) | 4 (1) | 12 (2) | 12 (2) | 7 (2) | 60 (1) |
| X | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 |
| Y | 4 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 39 |
| Z | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 29E | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Not serogroupable | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
aCase-ascertainment (number of cases after linking procedure) was hampered due to lack of identifying variables from April 1, 1999, when the new Dutch Communicable Disease Act was introduced.
bLaboratory data included from January 1993 to May 2001; during the year 2001, the surveillance was more active because of the increase in serogroup C cases.
cAfter linking the reported cases with the laboratory cases, no strain was available for these cases.
dOf 4,896 confirmed cases, 9 could not be used in the analysis because of recording errors: 2 serogroup A cases, 4 serogroup B cases, 1 serogroup C, 1 serogroup W135, and 1 serogroup Y.
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