Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 11, Number 10—October 2005
Research

Community-associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Minnesota, 2000–2003

Jessica M. Buck*Comments to Author , Kathryn Como-Sabetti*, Kathleen H. Harriman*, Richard N. Danila*, David J. Boxrud*, Anita Glennen*, and Ruth Lynfield*
Author affiliations: *Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

Main Article

Table 1

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus invasive infection sites and skin and soft tissue infection clinical manifestations

Site or manifestation No. (%)
Invasive infection site (n = 65)
Bloodstream infection
Without focus 25 (38)
With skin focus 6 (9)
With respiratory focus 2 (3)
Pleural fluid 3 (5)
Peritoneal fluid 2 (3)
Joint/bone 21 (32)
Other* 6 (9)
Skin and soft tissue clinical manifestation (n = 511†)
Abscess 251 (49)
Cellulitis 171 (33)
Folliculitis 28 (5)
Wound infection 27 (5)
Impetigo 11 (2)
Other‡ 62 (12)

*Other invasive isolate sources included brain tissue (1), lymph nodes (2), pancreatic aspirate (1), kidney abscess aspirate (1), and internal tissue (1).
†A total of 411 skin and soft tissue infection patients had clinical manifestations reported. Results include multiple clinical manifestations per patient.
‡Other skin clinical manifestations included psoriasis, mastitis, cystic acne, furuncles, carbuncles, insect/spider bites, and eczema.

Main Article

References
  1. Jevons  M. Celbenin-resistant staphylococci. BMJ. 1961;1:124–5. DOIGoogle Scholar
  2. Barrett  F, McGehee  R, Finland  M. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at Boston City Hospital. N Engl J Med. 1968;279:441–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Brumfitt  W, Hamilton-Miller  J. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:1188–96. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Saravolatz  LD, Pohlod  DJ, Arking  LM. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a new source for nosocomial outbreaks. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:325–9.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Groom  AV, Wolsey  DH, Naimi  TS, Smith  K, Johnson  S, Boxrud  D, Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a rural American Indian community. JAMA. 2001;286:1201–5. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Naimi  TS, LeDell  KH, Boxrud  DJ, Groom  AV, Steward  CD, Johnson  SK, Epidemiology and clonality of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Minnesota, 1996–1998. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:990–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Naimi  T, LeDell  KH, Como-Sabetti  K, Borchardt  SM, Boxrud  DJ, Etienne  J, Community and healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Minnesota. JAMA. 2003;290:2976–84. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Four pediatric deaths from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus–Minnesota and North Dakota, 1997–1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;48:707–10.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Herold  BC, Immergluck  LC, Maranan  MC, Lauderdale  DS, Gaskin  RE, Boyle-Vavra  S, Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in children with no identified predisposing risk. JAMA. 1998;279:593–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public health dispatch: outbreaks of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections–Los Angeles County, California, 2002–2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003;52:88.
  11. Fey  P, Said-Salim  B, Rupp  M, Hinrichs  SH, Boxrud  DJ, Davis  CC, Comparative molecular analysis of community-or hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47:196–203. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Maguire  G, Arthur  A, Boustead  P, Dwyer  B, Currie  B. Clinical experience and outcomes of community-acquired and nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a northern Australian hospital. J Hosp Infect. 1998;38:273–81. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Salmenlinna  S, Lyytikainen  O, Vuopio-Varkila  J. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Finland. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:602–7.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Nimmo  G, Schooneveldt  J, O'Kane  G, McCall  B, Vickery  A. Community acquisition of gentamicin-sensitive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in southeast Queensland, Australia. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:3926–31.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Dufour  P, Gillet  Y, Bes  M, Lina  G, Vandenesch  F, Floret  D, Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in France: emergence of a single clone that produces Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:819–24. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in correctional facilities–Georgia, Texas, and California, 2001–2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003;52:992–6.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Nakamura  M, Rohling  K, Shashaty  M, Lu  H, Tang  Y, Edwards  K. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in the community pediatric population. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21:917–21. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Moreno  F, Crisp  C, Jorgensen  JH, Patterson  JE. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a community organism. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21:1308–12. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Adcock  PM, Pastor  P, Medley  F, Patterson  JE, Murphy  TV. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two child care centers. J Infect Dis. 1998;178:577–80.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Lindenmayer  JM, Schoenfeld  S, O'Grady  R, Carney  JK. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a high school wrestling team and the surrounding community. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:895–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Stacey  AR, Endersby  KE, Chan  PC, Marples  RR. An outbreak of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in a rugby football team. Br J Sports Med. 1998;153–4. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Pan  E, Diep  B, Carleton  H, Charlebois  ED, Sensabaugh  GF, Haller  BL, Increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in California jails. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:1384–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. LaMar  JE, Carr  RB, Zinderman  C, McDonald  K. Sentinel cases of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus onboard a naval ship. Mil Med. 2003;168:135–8.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Fridkin  S, Hageman  J, Morrison  M, Sanza  LT, Como-Sabetti  K, Jernigan  JA, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in three communities. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1485–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. US Census Bureau. United States Census, 2000. Vol. May 5, 2003; 2000.
  26. Francis  J, Doherty  M, Lopatin  U, Johnston  CP, Sinha  G, Ross  T, Severe community-onset pneumonia in healthy adults caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40:100–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Becton-Dickenson  BBL. Coagulase plasma product insert. Volume Revision: Nov 1999.
  28. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. Volume 20. 5th ed. Approved standard M7-A5. Wayne (PA): The Committtee; 2000.
  29. Finlay  J, Miller  L, Poupard  J. Interpretive criteria for testing susceptibility of staphylococci to mupirocin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;41:1137–9.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. McDougal  L, Steward  C, Killgore  G, Chaitram  J, McAllister  S, Tenover  F. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the United States: establishing a national database. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:5113–20. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. Petit  S, Barrett  N. Hadler J. Epidemiology of community-onset (CO) invasive infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA in Connecticut, 2001–2002. In: International conference on emerging infectious diseases. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2004.
  32. Morin  CA, Hadler  JL. Population-based incidence and characteristics of community-onset Staphylococcus aureus infections with bacteremia in 4 metropolitan Connecticut areas, 1998. J Infect Dis. 2001;184:1029–34. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. Huang  S, Platt  R. Risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection after previous infection or colonization. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:281–5. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  34. Sanford  M, Widmer  A, Bale  M, Jones  R, Wenzel  R. Efficient detection and long-term persistence of the carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;19:1123–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: February 22, 2012
Page updated: February 22, 2012
Page reviewed: February 22, 2012
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external