Volume 11, Number 3—March 2005
Letter
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Resistance, Abkhazia
, and the LONG-DRUG Study Group
Table
First-line and second line antituberculosis drug resistance in 447 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains collected in Abkhazia from September 2000 to April 2004*
| No. new cases (%) | No. previously treated cases (%) | Total no. (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total tested | 246 (100) | 201 (100) | 447 (100) |
| Any first-line resistance | 88 (35.8) | 115 (57.2) | 203 (45.4) |
| Monoresistance | |||
| H only | 31 (12.6) | 28 (13.9) | 59 (13.2) |
| S only | 20 (8.1) | 11 (5.5) | 31 (6.9) |
| R only | 1 (<1) | 1 (<1) | 2 (<1) |
| E only | 2 (<1) | 1 (<1) | 3 (<1) |
| Any drug resistance | |||
| Any H resistance | 65 (26.4) | 102 (50.7) | 167 (37.4) |
| Any S resistance | 51 (20.7) | 80 (39.8) | 131 (29.3) |
| Any R resistance | 13 (5.3) | 52 (25.9) | 65 (14.5) |
| Any E resistance | 14 (5.7) | 35 (17.4) | 49 (11) |
| H and R resistance | |||
| MDR† | 12 (4.9) | 51 (25.4) | 63 (14.1) |
| HRES only | 7 (2.8) | 24 (11.9) | 31 (6.9) |
| HRS only | 4 (1.6) | 22 (10.9) | 26 (5.8) |
| HRE only | 0 | 3 (1.5) | 3 (<1) |
| HR only | 1 (<1) | 2 (<1) | 3 (<1) |
| H + other resistances | |||
| HS only | 17 (6.9) | 16 (8) | 33 (7.4) |
| HES only | 3 (1.2) | 7 (3.5) | 10 (2.2) |
| HE only | 2 (<1) | 0 | 2 (<1) |
| R + other resistances (RE, RS, or RES only) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total tested to second-line drugs | 88 (100) | 115 (100) | 203 (100) |
| Any second-line resistance | 14 (15.9) | 41 (35.7) | 55 (27.1) |
| KM | 4 (4.5) | 25 (21.7) | 29 (14.3) |
| ETH | 7 (8) | 19 (16.5) | 26 (12.8) |
| CM | 3 (3.4) | 6 (5.2) | 9 (4.4) |
| PAS | 2 (2.3) | 4 (3.5) | 6 (3) |
| OFL | 0 | 3 (2.6) | 3 (1.5) |
| CS | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total MDR strains resistant to second-line drugs‡ | 3 (25) | 27 (52.9) | 30 (47.6) |
| MDR + KM | 2 (16.7) | 10 (19.6) | 12 (19) |
| MDR + ETH | 0 | 5 (9.8) | 5 (7.9) |
| MDR + KM + ETH | 0 | 5 (9.8) | 5 (7.9) |
| MDR + others§ | 1 (8.3) | 7 (13.7) | 8 (12.7) |
*H, isoniazid; S, streptomycin; R, rifampin; E, ethambutol; KM, kanamycin; ETH, ethionamide; CM, capreomycin; PAS, p-aminosalicylic acid; OFL, ofloxacin; CS, cycloserine.
†MDR, multidrug resistant (resistant to at least H and R).
‡Values in parenthesis are the percentages of MDR strains.
§For new cases: MDR + KM + CM + PAS (1 strain); for previously treated cases: MDR + KM + CM (2 strains), MDR + KM + PAS (1 strain), MDR + KM + ETH + CM (1 strain), MDR + ETH + OFL (1 strain), MDR + PAS (1 strain), MDR + PAS + CM (1 strain).
1These authors contributed equally to this study.
2The members of the LONG-DRUG study group are Marco Rinaldo Oggioni, Francesca Meacci, and Claudia Trappetti (Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, Siena Italy); Francesco Checchi and Maryline Bonnet (Epicentre, Paris, France); Graziella Orefici, Lanfranco Fattorini, and Manuela Pardini (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy); Peter W. Andrew, Mike Barer, and Hasan Yesilkaya (University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom); Heinz Rinder (LGL, Oberschleiβheim, Germany); Sabine Rüsch-Gerdes and Stefan Niemann (Research Centre Borstel, Borstel, Germany); Germano Orrù (University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy); Francis Varaine (Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France); and Thierry Jarosz, (3Es, Paris, France).