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Volume 12, Number 1—January 2006
Research

Influenza-associated Deaths in Tropical Singapore

Angela Chow*Comments to Author , Stefan Ma*, Ai Ee Ling†, and Suok Kai Chew*
Author affiliations: *Ministry of Health, Singapore; †Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

Main Article

Table 3

Adjusted risk ratios* and p values for each 10% change in positive influenza A and RSV test results, and for each 1% change in positive influenza B† virus test results, 1996–2003‡

Mortality outcome/risk factor Adjusted risk ratio (95% CI), p value
Model 1§ Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5 Model 6
All-cause deaths
Influenza A 1.05 (1.04–1.06), 0.000 1.05 (1.04–1.06), 0.000 1.05 (1.04–1.06), 0.000 1.05 (1.04–1.06), 0.000
Influenza B 1.01 (1.00–1.02), 0.173 1.01 (1.01–1.02), 0.001 1.01 (1.01–1.02), 0.001
RSV 1.00 (0.99–1.00), 0.810 1.00 (1.00–1.01), 0.254 1.00 (1.00–1.01), 0.159
Underlying P&I deaths
Influenza A 1.12 (1.08–1.16), 0.000 1.12 (1.08–1.16), 0.000 1.13 (1.09–1.17), 0.000 1.13 (1.09–1.17), 0.000
Influenza B 0.99 (0.96–1.02), 0.389 1.00 (0.94–1.03), 0.994 1.00 (0.98–1.03), 0.872
RSV 1.01 (0.99–1.02), 0.342 1.03 (1.00–1.02), 0.022 1.01 (1.00–1.02), 0.021
Underlying C&R deaths
Influenza A 1.08 (1.06–1.10), 0.000 1.08 (1.07–1.10), 0.000 1.08 (1.06–1.11), 0.000 1.09 (1.07–1.11), 0.000
Influenza B 1.01 (0.99–1.02), 0.360 1.02 (1.01–1.03), 0.004 1.02 (1.01–1.03),
0.002
RSV 1.00 (0.99–1.01), 0.686 1.01 (1.00–1.01), 0.025 1.01 (1.00–1.01), 0.011

*Risk ratio estimates (95% confidence intervals) of each death category were adjusted for number of days in each month, linear and squared time trends, seasonal patterns, temperature and relative humidity; –, risk factor was not included in model.
†Each 1% change was used for influenza B because of the small range of positive influenza B test results.
‡CI, confidence interval; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; P&I, pneumonia and influenza; C&R, circulatory and respiratory.
§Negative binomial regression models. Model 1, death outcome = influenza A + confounders; model 2, death outcome = influenza B (FluB) + confounders; model 3, death outcome = RSV + confounders; model 4, death outcome = model 1 + FluB; model 5, death outcome = model 1 +RSV; model 6, death outcome = model 4 + RSV.

Main Article

Page created: February 16, 2012
Page updated: February 16, 2012
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