Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 12, Number 2—February 2006
Research

Global Socioeconomic Impact of Cystic Echinococcosis

Christine M. Budke*, Peter Deplazes*, and Paul R. Torgerson*Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: *University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Main Article

Table 3

Average age at ultrasound detection or surgery

Country Years Average age at onset/detection (y) Reference
China 2001–2003 35* (9)
Jordan 1994–2000 31–45† (31)
Kenya (Turkana) 1979–1982 21–30* (32)
Kyrgyzstan 1991–2000 22† (4)
Morocco 2000–2001 32* (33)
Turkey 1992–1999 44† (21)
Uruguay 1991–1992 45* (34)

*Age at time of ultrasound detection.
†Age at surgery.

Main Article

References
  1. Eckert  J, Deplazes  P. Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004;17:107–25. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Torgerson  PR, Shaikenov  BS, Baitursinov  KK, Abdybekova  AM. The emerging epidemic of echinococcosis in Kazakzhstan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2002;96:124–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Todorov  T, Boeva  V. Human echinococcosis in Bulgaria: a comparative epidemiological analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 1999;77:110–8.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Torgerson  PR, Karaeva  RR, Corkeri  N, Abdyjaparov  TA, Kuttubaev  OT, Shaikenov  BS. Human cystic echinococcosis in Kyrgystan: an epidemiological study. Acta Trop. 2003;85:51–61. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Chai  JJ. Epidemiological studies on cystic echinococcosis in China—a review. Biomed Environ Sci. 1995;8:122–36.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Carabin  H, Budke  CM, Cowan  LD, Willingham  AL III, Torgerson  PR. Methods for assessing the burden of parasitic zoonoses: cysticercosis and echinococcosis. Trends Parasitol. 2005;21:327–33. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Murray  CJL, Lopez  AD. The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from disease, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1996.
  8. Anand  S, Hanson  K. Disability-adjusted life years: a critical evaluation. J Health Econ. 1997;16:685–702. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Budke  CM, Qiu  J, Wang  Q, Zinsstag  J, Torgerson  PR. Use of disability adjusted life years in the estimation of disease burden for echonococcosis in a high endemic region of the Tibetan plateau. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71:56–64.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Budke  CM, Qiu  J, Wang  Q, Torgerson  PR. Economic effects of echinococcosis on a highly endemic region of the Tibetan plateau. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;73:2–10.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Majorowski  MM, Carabin  H, Kilani  M, Bensalah  A. Echinococcosis in Tunisia: a cost analysis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2005;99:268–78. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Torgerson  PR, Dowling  PM, Abo-Shehada  MN. Estimating the economic effects of cystic echinococcosis. Part 3: Jordan, a developing country with lower-middle income. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2001;95:595–603. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Torgerson  PR, Dowling  PM. Estimating the economic effects of cystic echinococcosis. Part 2: an endemic region in the United Kingdom, a wealthy, industrialized economy. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2001;95:177–85. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Torgerson  PR, Carmona  C, Bonifacino  R. Estimating the economic effects of cystic echinococcosis: Uruguay, a developing country with upper-middle income. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2000;94:703–13.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. OIE-Handistatus II, Office International des Epizooties, Paris. 2005. [cited 4 Jan 2006] Available from http://www.oie.int/hs2/report.asp
  16. Serra  I, Garcia  V, Pizzaro  A, Luzoro  A, Cavada  G, Lopez  J. A universal method to correct underreporting of communicable diseases. Real incidence of hydatidosis in Chile, 1985–1994. Rev Med Chil. 1999;127:485–92.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Nazirov  FG, Ilkhamov  IL, Ambekov  NC. Echinococcosis in Uzbekistan: types of problems and methods to improve treatment [article in Russian]. Medical Journal of Uzbekistan. 2002;2/3:2–5.
  18. FAOSTAT. FAO statistical databases, February 2004 ed. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome; 2004. [cited 4 Jan 2006] Available from http://www.faostat.fao.org/
  19. Gogas  J, Papachristodoulou  A, Zografos  G, Papastratis  G, Gardikis  S, Markopoulos  C, Experience with surgical therapy of hepatic echinococcosis [article in German]. Zentralbl Chir. 1997;122:339–43.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Cirenei  A, Bertoldi  I. Evolution of surgery for liver hydatidosis from 1950 to today: analysis of a personal experience. World J Surg. 2001;25:87–92. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Yorganci  K, Sayek  I. Surgical treatment of hydatid cysts of the liver in the era of percutaneous treatment. Am J Surg. 2002;184:63–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Ozacmak  ID, Ekiz  F, Ozmen  V, Isik  A. Management of residual cavity after partial cystectomy for hepatic hydatidosis: comparison of omentoplasty with external drainage. Eur J Surg. 2000;166:696–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Vagianos  CE, Karavia  DD, Kakkos  SK, Vagenas  CA, Androulakis  JA. Conservative surgery in the treatment of hepatic hydatidosis. Eur J Surg. 1995;161:415–20.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Altieri  S, Doglietto  GB, Pacelli  F, Costamagna  G, Carriero  C, Murigani  M, Radical surgery for liver hydatid disease: a study of 89 consecutive patients. Hepatogastroenterology. 1997;44:496–500.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Stouthard  MEA, Essink-Bot  ML, Bonsel  GJ. Disability weights for diseases: a modified protocol and results for a Western European region. Eur J Public Health. 2000;10:24–30. DOIGoogle Scholar
  26. Nasrieh  MA, Abdel-Hafez  SK, Kamhawi  SA, Craig  PS, Schantz  PM. Cystic echinococcosis in Jordan: socioeconomic evaluation and risk factors. Parasitol Res. 2003;90:456–66. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Jimenez  S, Perez  A, Gil  H, Schantz  PM, Ramalle  E, Juste  RA. Progress in control of cystic echinococcosis in La Rioja, Spain: decline in infection prevalences in human and animal hosts and economic costs and benefits. Acta Trop. 2002;83:213–21. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. Romazanov  VT. Evaluation of economic losses due to echinococcosis. In: Lysendo A, editor. Zoonosis control: collection of teaching aids for international training course vol. II. Moscow: Centre of International Projects GKNT;1983. p. 283–85.
  29. Njoroge  EM, Mbithi  PM, Gathuma  JM, Wachira  TM, Gathura  PB, Magambo  JK, A study of cystic echinococcosis in slaughter animals in three selected areas of northern Turkana, Kenya. Vet Parasitol. 2002;104:85–91. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Polydorou  K. Animal health and economics. Case study: echinococcosis with a reference to Cyprus. Bull Off Int Epizoot. 1981;93:981–92.
  31. Al-Qaoud  KM, Craig  PS, Abdel-Hafez  SK. Retrospective surgical incidence and case distribution of cystic echinococcosis in Jordan between 1994 and 2000. Acta Trop. 2003;87:207–14. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. Macpherson  CNL. An active intermediate host role for man in the life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus in Turkana, Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1983;32:397–404.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. Macpherson  CNL, Kachani  M, Lyagoubi  M, Berrada  M, Bouslikhane  M, Shepherd  M, Cystic echinococcosis in the Berber on the Mid Atlas mountains, Morocco: new insights into the natural history of the disease in humans. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2004;98:481–90.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  34. Cohen  H, Paolillo  E, Bonifacino  R, Botta  B, Parada  L, Cabrera  P, Human cystic echinococcosis in a Uruguayan community: a sonographic, serologic, and epidemiologic study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;59:620–7.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. Schantz  PM, Wang  H, Qiu  J, Liu  FJ, Saito  E, Emshoff  A, Echinococcosis on the Tibetan plateau: prevalence and risk factors for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Tibetan populations in Qinghai Province, China. Parasitology. 2003;127:S109–20. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. World Bank data and statistics. World Bank Group; 2005. [cited 4 Jan 2006] Available from http://www.worldbank.org/data/
  37. World Health Organization. The world health report. Geneva: the Organization; 2004. Available from http://www.who.int/whr/2004
  38. United Nations Children's Fund/United Nations Development Programme/World Bank/World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. Approved Programmed Budget 2004–2005. 2003. TDR/PB/04-05/Rev.1. [cited 4 Jan 2006] Available from http://www.who.int/tdr/ublications/publications/budget_04.htm
  39. Ramaiah  KD, Pradeep  KD. Mass drug administration to eliminated lymphatic filariasis in India. Trends Parasitol. 2004;20:449–502. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. Remme  JH. Research for control: the onchocerciasis experience. Trop Med Int Health. 2004;9:243–54. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: February 02, 2012
Page updated: February 02, 2012
Page reviewed: February 02, 2012
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external