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Volume 12, Number 6—June 2006
Perspective

Host Range Restriction and Pathogenicity in the Context of Influenza Pandemic

Gabriele Neumann* and Yoshihiro Kawaoka*†‡Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: *University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA; †University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ‡Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan

Main Article

Table

Comparison of the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage sites of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and their nonpathogenic predecessors

Isolate Type Amino acid sequence* Reference
A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1/83 (H5N2) Avirulent P Q - - - - - - - - - - - K K K R/ G L F (36)
A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/83 (H5N2) Virulent P Q - - - - - - - - - - - K K K R/ G L F† (36)
A/chicken/Mexico/31381-7/94 (H5N2) Avirulent P Q - - - - - - - - - - - R E T R/ G L F (37)
A/chicken/Queretaro/14588-19/95 (H5N2) Virulent P Q - - - - - - - - - R K R K T R/ G L F (37)
A/turkey/Italy/99 (H7N1) consensus Avirulent P E I P K G - - - - - - - - - - R/ G L F (38)
A/turkey/Italy/99 (H7N1) consensus Virulent P E I P K G - - - - - - S R V R R/ G L F (38)
A/chicken/Chile/176822/02 (H7N3) Avirulent P E K P K - - - - - - - - - - T R/ G L F (39)
A/chicken/Chile/4957/02 (H7N3) Virulent P E K P K T C S P L S R C R K T R/ G L F (39)
A/chicken/Chile/4322/02 (H7N3) Virulent P E K P K T C S P L S R C R E T R/ G L F (39)
Isolate CN6/04 Avirulent P E N P K - - - - - - - - - - T R/ G L F (40)
A/chicken/BC/CN12/04(H7N3) Virulent P E N P K - - --Q A Y Q K R M T R/ G L F (40)
A/chicken/BC/NS1337-1/04 (H7N3) Virulent P E N P K - - - Q A Y K K R M T R/ G L F (40)
A/chicken/BC/NS-1319-2/04(H7N3) Virulent P E N P K - - - Q A Y H K R M T R/ G L F (40)
A/chicken/BC/CN7-3/04 (H7N3) Virulent P E N P K - - - Q A Y R K R M T R/ G L F (40)
A/chicken/BC/NS-1390-2/04(H7N3) Virulent P E N P K - - - Q A H Q K R M T R/ G L F (40)
A/chicken/BC/NS-2035-12/04(H7N3) Virulent P E N P K - - - Q A C Q K R M T R/ G L F (40)

*HA cleavage sites are indicated by /. For sequence variants, the amino acids that differ from most sequences found are underlined.
†HA cleavability was enhanced by a single amino acid substitution that abrogated glycosylation near the HA cleavage site.

Main Article

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