Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 12, Number 7—July 2006
Dispatch

Triple Reassortant H3N2 Influenza A Viruses, Canada, 2005

Christopher W. Olsen*Comments to Author , Alexander I. Karasin*, Suzanne Carman†, Yan Li‡, Nathalie Bastien‡, Davor Ojkic†, David Alves§, George Charbonneau¶, Beth M. Henning#, Donald E. Low**, Laura Burton**, and George Broukhanski**
Author affiliations: *University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; †Animal Health Laboratory, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; ‡Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; §Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; ¶Swine Services Group, Stratford, Ontario, Canada; #Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care, Clinton, Ontario, Canada; **Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Main Article

Figure 1

Figure 1. Nucleotide phylogram for the hemagglutinin (HA) genes of A/Swine/Manitoba/12707/05, A/Swine/Alberta/14722/05, A/Swine/British Columbia/28103/05, A/Swine/Ontario/33853/05, A/Turkey/Ontario/31232/05, A/Ontario/RV1273/05, and related reference viruses. The evolutionary relationships among these viruses were estimated by the method of maximum parsimony (PAUP software, version 4.0b10) with a bootstrap resampling method (200 replications) and a fast heuristic search algorithm. Numbers at the nodes of the phylograms indicate the bootstrap confidence levels. Horizontal-line distances are proportional to the minimum numbers of nucleotide changes needed to join nodes and gene sequences. Vertical lines are present to space the branches and labels. The designations I, II, and III identify clusters of viruses previously defined among triple reassortant swine viruses in the United States (4). The viruses described in this report and related viruses are proposed to represent a new cluster IV group of viruses. GenBank accession numbers for the sequences of all reference viruses are provided in parentheses after the virus names.

Main Article

References
  1. Olsen  CW. Emergence of novel strains of swine influenza virus in North America. In: Morilla A, Yoon K-J, Zimmerman JJ, editors. Trends in emerging viral infections of swine. Ames (IA): Iowa State University Press; 2002. p. 37–43.
  2. Zhou  NN, Senne  DA, Landgraf  JS, Swenson  SL, Erickson  G, Rossow  K, Genetic reassortment of avian, swine, and human influenza A viruses in American pigs. J Virol. 1999;73:8851–6.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Karasin  AI, Schutten  MM, Cooper  LA, Smith  CB, Subbarao  K, Anderson  GA, Genetic characterization of H3N2 influenza viruses isolated from pigs in North America, 1977–1999: evidence for wholly human and reassortant virus genotypes. Virus Res. 2000;68:71–85. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Webby  RJ, Swenson  SL, Krauss  SL, Gerrish  PJ, Goyal  SM, Webster  RG. Evolution of swine H3N2 influenza viruses in the United States. J Virol. 2000;74:8243–51. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Suarez  DL, Woolcock  PR, Bermudez  AJ, Senne  DA. Isolation from turkey breeder hens of a reassortant H1N2 influenza virus with swine, human, and avian lineage genes. Avian Dis. 2002;46:111–21. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Olsen  CW, Karasin  A, Erickson  G. Characterization of a swine-like reassortant H1N2 influenza virus isolated from a wild duck in the United States. Virus Res. 2003;93:115–21. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Choi  YK, Lee  JH, Erickson  G, Goyal  SM, Soo  HS, Webster  RG, H3N2 influenza virus transmission from swine to turkeys, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:2156–60.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Tang  Y, Lee  CW, Zhang  Y, Senne  DA, Dearth  R, Byrum  B, Isolation and characterization of H3N2 influenza virus from turkeys. Avian Dis. 2005;49:207–13. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Haley  MM. Market integration in the North American hog industries [monograph on the Internet]. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004 Nov [cited 2006 Apr 7]. Available from http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/ldp/NOV04/ldpm12501/ldpm12501.pdf
  10. Zou  S. A practical approach to genetic screening for influenza virus variants. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35:2623–7.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Hoffmann  E, Stech  J, Guan  Y, Webster  RG, Perez  DR. Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses. Arch Virol. 2001;146:2275–89. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Karasin  AI, Carman  S, Olsen  CW. Identification of human H1N2 and human-swine reassortant H1N2 and H1N1 influenza A viruses among pigs in Ontario, Canada, 2003–2005. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:1123–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Avian influenza, turkeys, H3—Canada (British Columbia). 2005 Jun 1 [cited 2006 Apr 7]. Available from http://www.promedmail.org, archive no. 20050601.1524

Main Article

Page created: December 19, 2011
Page updated: December 19, 2011
Page reviewed: December 19, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external