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Volume 12, Number 8—August 2006
Research

Macrolide Resistance in Adults with Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Joshua P. Metlay*†Comments to Author , Neil O. Fishman†, Marshall M. Joffe†, Michael J. Kallan†, Jesse L. Chittams†, and Paul H. Edelstein†
Author affiliations: *Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; †University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Main Article

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of cases and controls*

Characteristic Macrolide resistant,
n = 76 (%) Macrolide susceptible,
n = 368 (%) OR 95% CI p value
Demographic factors
Age >65 y 40 (53) 163 (44) 1.4 0.9–2.3 0.19
Male sex 36 (48) 169 (46) 1.1 0.7–1.8 0.73
White race 57 (76) 236 (64) 1.8 1.0–3.1 0.048
Hispanic ethnicity 6 (8) 10 (2) 3.1 1.1–8.8 0.026
Nursing home residence 4 (5) 23 (6) 0.8 0.2–2.6 0.71
Annual income >US $25,000 30 (55) 136 (49) 1.2 0.7–2.2 0.46
More than high-school education 53 (72) 236 (64) 1.4 0.8–2.4 0.24
Children (< 6 y) in home 12 (16) 62 (17) 0.9 0.4–1.9 0.82
Philadelphia residence 29 (39) 176 (48) 0.7 0.4–1.2 0.15
Clinical factors
HIV infection 5 (7) 45 (12) 0.5 0.2–1.3 0.17
Active smoking 25 (33) 107 (29) 1.2 0.7–2.1 0.45
Asthma 19 (25) 73 (17) 1.4 0.8–2.5 0.28
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema 23 (31) 68 (18) 2.0 1.1–3.4 0.017
Coronary artery disease 9 (12) 67 (18) 0.6 0.3–1.3 0.20
Congestive heart failure 8 (11) 72 (20) 0.5 0.2–1.1 0.069
History of stroke 2 (3) 43 (12) 0.2 0.1–0.9 0.019
Diabetes mellitus 12 (17) 89 (24) 0.7 0.4–1.3 0.20
Chronic renal disease 3 (4) 40 (11) 0.3 0.1–1.1 0.068
Active cancer 15 (20) 51 (14) 1.6 0.8–3.0 0.17
Chronic liver disease 7 (9) 43 (12) 0.8 0.3–1.8 0.56
Prior influenza vaccination† 46 (61) 178 (48) 1.7 1.0–2.8 0.039
Prior pneumococcal vaccination‡ 35 (47) 198 (54) 0.8 0.5–1.2 0.27

*OR, odds radio; CI, confidence interval. p value based on χ2 test.
†In the 12 months preceding the date of infection.
‡At any time before the date of infection.

Main Article

Page created: December 09, 2011
Page updated: December 09, 2011
Page reviewed: December 09, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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