Volume 12, Number 8—August 2006
Research
Macrolide Resistance in Adults with Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Joshua P. Metlay*†
, Neil O. Fishman†, Marshall M. Joffe†, Michael J. Kallan†, Jesse L. Chittams†, and Paul H. Edelstein†
, Neil O. Fishman†, Marshall M. Joffe†, Michael J. Kallan†, Jesse L. Chittams†, and Paul H. Edelstein†
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of cases and controls*
| Characteristic | Macrolide resistant, n = 76 (%) | Macrolide susceptible, n = 368 (%) | OR | 95% CI | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic factors | ||||||
| Age >65 y | 40 (53) | 163 (44) | 1.4 | 0.9–2.3 | 0.19 | |
| Male sex | 36 (48) | 169 (46) | 1.1 | 0.7–1.8 | 0.73 | |
| White race | 57 (76) | 236 (64) | 1.8 | 1.0–3.1 | 0.048 | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 6 (8) | 10 (2) | 3.1 | 1.1–8.8 | 0.026 | |
| Nursing home residence | 4 (5) | 23 (6) | 0.8 | 0.2–2.6 | 0.71 | |
| Annual income >US $25,000 | 30 (55) | 136 (49) | 1.2 | 0.7–2.2 | 0.46 | |
| More than high-school education | 53 (72) | 236 (64) | 1.4 | 0.8–2.4 | 0.24 | |
| Children (< 6 y) in home | 12 (16) | 62 (17) | 0.9 | 0.4–1.9 | 0.82 | |
| Philadelphia residence | 29 (39) | 176 (48) | 0.7 | 0.4–1.2 | 0.15 | |
| Clinical factors | ||||||
| HIV infection | 5 (7) | 45 (12) | 0.5 | 0.2–1.3 | 0.17 | |
| Active smoking | 25 (33) | 107 (29) | 1.2 | 0.7–2.1 | 0.45 | |
| Asthma | 19 (25) | 73 (17) | 1.4 | 0.8–2.5 | 0.28 | |
| Chronic bronchitis/emphysema | 23 (31) | 68 (18) | 2.0 | 1.1–3.4 | 0.017 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 9 (12) | 67 (18) | 0.6 | 0.3–1.3 | 0.20 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 8 (11) | 72 (20) | 0.5 | 0.2–1.1 | 0.069 | |
| History of stroke | 2 (3) | 43 (12) | 0.2 | 0.1–0.9 | 0.019 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 (17) | 89 (24) | 0.7 | 0.4–1.3 | 0.20 | |
| Chronic renal disease | 3 (4) | 40 (11) | 0.3 | 0.1–1.1 | 0.068 | |
| Active cancer | 15 (20) | 51 (14) | 1.6 | 0.8–3.0 | 0.17 | |
| Chronic liver disease | 7 (9) | 43 (12) | 0.8 | 0.3–1.8 | 0.56 | |
| Prior influenza vaccination† | 46 (61) | 178 (48) | 1.7 | 1.0–2.8 | 0.039 | |
| Prior pneumococcal vaccination‡ | 35 (47) | 198 (54) | 0.8 | 0.5–1.2 | 0.27 | |
*OR, odds radio; CI, confidence interval. p value based on χ2 test.
†In the 12 months preceding the date of infection.
‡At any time before the date of infection.
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