Volume 12, Number 8—August 2006
Research
Macrolide Resistance in Adults with Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of cases and controls*
Characteristic | Macrolide resistant, n = 76 (%) | Macrolide susceptible, n = 368 (%) | OR | 95% CI | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic factors | ||||||
Age >65 y | 40 (53) | 163 (44) | 1.4 | 0.9–2.3 | 0.19 | |
Male sex | 36 (48) | 169 (46) | 1.1 | 0.7–1.8 | 0.73 | |
White race | 57 (76) | 236 (64) | 1.8 | 1.0–3.1 | 0.048 | |
Hispanic ethnicity | 6 (8) | 10 (2) | 3.1 | 1.1–8.8 | 0.026 | |
Nursing home residence | 4 (5) | 23 (6) | 0.8 | 0.2–2.6 | 0.71 | |
Annual income >US $25,000 | 30 (55) | 136 (49) | 1.2 | 0.7–2.2 | 0.46 | |
More than high-school education | 53 (72) | 236 (64) | 1.4 | 0.8–2.4 | 0.24 | |
Children (< 6 y) in home | 12 (16) | 62 (17) | 0.9 | 0.4–1.9 | 0.82 | |
Philadelphia residence | 29 (39) | 176 (48) | 0.7 | 0.4–1.2 | 0.15 | |
Clinical factors | ||||||
HIV infection | 5 (7) | 45 (12) | 0.5 | 0.2–1.3 | 0.17 | |
Active smoking | 25 (33) | 107 (29) | 1.2 | 0.7–2.1 | 0.45 | |
Asthma | 19 (25) | 73 (17) | 1.4 | 0.8–2.5 | 0.28 | |
Chronic bronchitis/emphysema | 23 (31) | 68 (18) | 2.0 | 1.1–3.4 | 0.017 | |
Coronary artery disease | 9 (12) | 67 (18) | 0.6 | 0.3–1.3 | 0.20 | |
Congestive heart failure | 8 (11) | 72 (20) | 0.5 | 0.2–1.1 | 0.069 | |
History of stroke | 2 (3) | 43 (12) | 0.2 | 0.1–0.9 | 0.019 | |
Diabetes mellitus | 12 (17) | 89 (24) | 0.7 | 0.4–1.3 | 0.20 | |
Chronic renal disease | 3 (4) | 40 (11) | 0.3 | 0.1–1.1 | 0.068 | |
Active cancer | 15 (20) | 51 (14) | 1.6 | 0.8–3.0 | 0.17 | |
Chronic liver disease | 7 (9) | 43 (12) | 0.8 | 0.3–1.8 | 0.56 | |
Prior influenza vaccination† | 46 (61) | 178 (48) | 1.7 | 1.0–2.8 | 0.039 | |
Prior pneumococcal vaccination‡ | 35 (47) | 198 (54) | 0.8 | 0.5–1.2 | 0.27 |
*OR, odds radio; CI, confidence interval. p value based on χ2 test.
†In the 12 months preceding the date of infection.
‡At any time before the date of infection.