Volume 16, Number 12—December 2010
Research
Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever in Humans, Najran, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah G. Alzahrani, Hassan M. Al Shaiban, Mohammad A. Al Mazroa, Osama Al-Hayani, Adam MacNeil, Pierre E. Rollin, and Ziad A. Memish
Table 3
Risk factors for Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus, Najran, Saudi Arabia, 2006–2009*
| Risk factor | Case-patients, no. (%), n = 28 | Controls, no. (%), n = 65 | Total, no. (%), n = 93 | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Owning or raising domestic animals | ||||
| Yes | 14 (50) | 17 (26) | 31 (33) | 2.82 (1.02–7.91) |
| No |
14 (50) |
48 (74) |
62 (67) |
Reference |
| Owning the following animals | ||||
| Sheep | 14 (50) | 17 (26) | 31 (33) | 2.82 (1.02–7.91) |
| Cows | 4 (14) | 10 (15) | 14 (18) | 1.37 (0.30–5.86) |
| Camels | 3 (11) | 1 (2) | 4 (4) | 10.29 (0.84–279.20) |
| None |
14 (50) |
48 (74) |
62 (67) |
Reference |
| Owning animal with abnormalities | ||||
| Yes | 5 (36) | 7 (41) | 12 (39) | 0.79 (0.14–4.31) |
| No |
9 (64) |
10 (59) |
19 (61) |
Reference |
| Owning animals with the following type of abnormality | ||||
| Sudden death | 2 (14) | 5 (29) | 7 (23) | 0.44 (0.04–3.78) |
| Recurrent abortion | 1 (7) | 1 (6) | 2 (7) | 1.11 (0.00–49.10) |
| Weakness | 2 (14) | 1 (6) | 3 (10) | 2.22 (0.12–74.91) |
| None |
9 (64) |
10 (59) |
19( 61) |
Reference |
| Living how far from farm, meters | ||||
| <100 | 20 (71) | 25 (39) | 45 (48) | 4.00 (1.40–11.75) |
| >100 |
8 (29) |
40 (62) |
48 (52) |
Reference |
| Contact with domestic animals | ||||
| Yes | 13 (46) | 9 (14) | 22 (24) | 5.39 (1.74–17.30) |
| No |
15 (54) |
56 (86) |
71 (76) |
Reference |
| Feeding animals | ||||
| Yes | 9 (32) | 3 (5) | 12 (13) | 9.79 (2.11–51.48) |
| No |
19 (68) |
62 (95) |
81 (87) |
Reference |
| Milking animals | ||||
| Yes | 7 (25) | 5 (8) | 12 (13) | 4.00 (0.99–16.64) |
| No |
21 (75) |
60 (92) |
81 (87) |
Reference |
| Slaughtering animals | ||||
| Yes | 10 (36) | 6 (9) | 16 (17) | 5.46 (1.54–20.02) |
| No |
18 (64) |
59 (91) |
77 (83) |
Reference |
| Handling raw meat products | ||||
| Yes | 9 (32) | 7 (11) | 16 (17) | 3.92 (1.14–13.84) |
| No |
19 (68) |
58 (89) |
77 (83) |
Reference |
| Drinking unpasteurized milk | ||||
| Yes | 8 (29) | 6 (9) | 14 (15) | 3.93 (1.06–14.88) |
| No |
20 (71) |
59 (91) |
79 (85) |
Reference |
| Being bitten by tick | ||||
| Yes | 10 (36) | 3 (5) | 13 (14) | 11.48 (2.51–59.73) |
| No |
18 (64) |
62 (95) |
80 (86) |
Reference |
| Being bitten by mosquito | ||||
| Yes | 25 (89) | 49 (75) | 74 (80) | 2.72 (0.65–13.03) |
| No | 3 (11) | 16 (25) | 19 (20) | Reference |
*OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
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