Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 16, Number 12—December 2010
Historical Review

Mortality Risk Factors for Pandemic Influenza on New Zealand Troop Ship, 1918

Jennifer A. SummersComments to Author , Nick Wilson, Michael G. Baker, and G. Dennis Shanks
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand (J.A. Summers, N. Wilson, M.G. Baker); Australian Army Malaria Institute, Enoggera, Queensland, Australia (G.D. Shanks)

Main Article

Figure 2

His Majesty’s New Zealand Transport Tahiti with World War I troops alongside a wharf (c. 1915). This photograph was presumably taken in a Wellington, New Zealand, wharf, given the gauge of the railway tracks and the crane type. Photograph was taken by David J. Aldersley (24).

Figure 2. His Majesty’s New Zealand Transport Tahiti with World War I troops alongside a wharf (c. 1915). This photograph was presumably taken in a Wellington, New Zealand, wharf, given the gauge of the railway tracks and the crane type. Photograph was taken by David J. Aldersley (24).

Main Article

References
  1. Cumpston  J. Influenza and maritime quarantine in Australia. Quarantine Service, Ministry for Trade and Customs: Commonwealth of Australia. Melbourne: Government Printer; 1919.
  2. Crosby  AW. America’s forgotten pandemic: the influenza of 1918. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2003.
  3. Byerly  C. Fever of war. New York: New York University Press; 2005.
  4. White  LF, Pagano  M. Transmissibility of the influenza virus in the 1918 pandemic. PLoS ONE. 2008;3:e1498. DOIPubMed
  5. Dudley  SF. The biology of epidemic influenza, illustrated by naval experience. Proc R Soc Med. 1921;14:37–50.PubMed
  6. Soper  GA. The influenza pneumonia pandemic in the American army camps during September and October, 1918. Science. 1918;48:451–6. DOIPubMed
  7. Rice  GW. Black November: the 1918 influenza pandemic in New Zealand. 2nd ed. Christchurch (New Zealand): Canterbury University Press; 2005.
  8. Barry  JM, Viboud  C, Simonsen  L. Cross-protection between successive waves of the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic: epidemiological evidence from US army camps and from Britain. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:1427–34. DOIPubMed
  9. Beam  WE, Grayson  J, Watten  R. Second Asian influenza epidemics occuring in vaccinated men aboard US Navy vessels. J Infect Dis. 1959;105:38–44. DOIPubMed
  10. Green  IJ, Hung  SC, Irving  GS, Davenport  JV. Influenza virus Aboard a US Navy ship in 1972 and the antibody response of the crew to influenza vaccine. Mil Med. 1975;140:179–81.PubMed
  11. Ksiazek  TG, Olson  JG, Irving  GS, Settle  CS, White  R, Petrusso  R. An influenza outbreak due to A/USSR/77-like virus aboard a US Navy ship. Am J Epidemiol. 1980;112:487–94.PubMed
  12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) on a Peruvian navy ship—June–July 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59:162–5.PubMed
  13. Murray  CJ, Lopez  AD, Chin  B, Feehan  D, Hill  KH. Estimation of potential global pandemic influenza mortality on the basis of vital registry data from the 1918–20 pandemic: a quantitative analysis. Lancet. 2006;368:2211–8. DOIPubMed
  14. Mamelund  S-E. A socially neutral disease? Individual social class, household wealth and mortality from Spanish influenza in two socially contrasting parishes in Kristiania 1918–19. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62:923–40. DOIPubMed
  15. Olson  DR, Simonsen  L, Edelson  PJ, Morse  SS. Epidemiology evidence of an early wave of the 1918 influenza pandemic in New York City. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:11059–63. DOIPubMed
  16. Ahmed  R, Oldstone  MBA, Palese  P. Protective immunity and susceptibility to infectious disease: lessons from the 1918 influenza pandemic. Nat Immunol. 2007;8:1188–93. DOIPubMed
  17. McSweeny  K, Coleman  A, Fancourt  N, Parnell  M, Stantiall  S, Rice  G, Was rurality protective in the 1918 influenza pandemic in New Zealand? N Z Med J. 2007;120:U2579.PubMed
  18. Chowell  G, Bettencourt  LM, Johnson  N, Alonso  WJ, Vibound  C. The 1918–1919 influenza pandemic in England and Wales: spatial patterns in transmissibility and mortality impact. Proc Biol Sci. 2008;275:501–9. DOIPubMed
  19. Nishiura  H, Chowell  G. Rurality and pandemic influenza: geographic heterogeneity in the risks of infection and death in Kanagawa, Japan. N Z Med J. 2008;121:18–27.PubMed
  20. Vaughn  V, Vaughn  H, Palmer  G. Epidemiology and public health. London; 1922.
  21. Brundage  JF, Shanks  GD. Deaths from bacterial pneumonia during 1918–19 influenza pandemic. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:1193–9. DOIPubMed
  22. Shanks  GD, MacKenzie  A, Maclaughlin  R, Waller  M, Dennis  P, Lee  S, Mortality risk factors during the 1918–19 influenza pandemic in the Australian Army. J Infect Dis. 2010;201:1880–9. DOIPubMed
  23. Alexander-Turnbull-Library. Timeframes: New Zealand and the Pacific through images, 2009. Part of Kinnear, James Hutchings, 1877–946: Negatives of Auckland shipping, boating and scenery (PA-Group-0040), Reference no. 1/2–014597-G [cited 2010 Oct 4]. http://timeframes.natlib.govt.nz/
  24. Alexander-Turnbull-Library. Timeframes: New Zealand and the Pacific through images, 2009. Part of Dickie, John, 1869–942: Collection of postcards, prints and negatives (PAColl-3037), Reference no. 1/2–016377-G [cited 2010 Oct 4]. http://timeframes.natlib.govt.nz/
  25. ONeill CE. Court of inquiry regarding H.M.N.Z.T Transport “Tahiti”. London; 1918.
  26. Patterson  KD. The diffusion of influenza in sub-Saharan Africa during the 1918–1919 pandemic. Soc Sci Med. 1983;17:1299–307. DOIPubMed
  27. Government  NZ. “Health 40th reinforcements, medical report on “Tahiti” epidemic 1918” WA.1. Box 1/3/25. Record: 10/79. Wellington (New Zealand): Archives New Zealand, National Office; 1918.
  28. Auckland War Memorial Museum. Cenotaph database. Auckland: Auckland War Memorial Museum; 2008 [cited 2010 Oct 4]. http://www.aucklandmuseum.com/130/cenotaph-database
  29. Wilson  N, Summers  J, Baker  M, Rice  G. A bizarre case of drowning as a result of pandemic influenza (1918 pandemic). N Z Med J. 2009;122:92–4.PubMed
  30. Archives  NZ. Books of active service casualty forms, New Zealand Expeditionary Force 1914–1918. Wellington (New Zealand): Agency: AABK Series: 519; 1914–1918.
  31. Births deaths and marriages NZ. 2009 [cited 2010 Oct 4]. http://bdmhistoricalrecords.identityservices.govt.nz/Home/
  32. Olssen  E, Hickey  M. Class and occupation: the New Zealand reality. Dunedin (New Zealand: Otago University Press; 2005.
  33. Google. Google maps. 2009 ed: MapData Sciences. 2009 [cited 2010 Oct 4]. http://maps.google.com/help/legalnotices_maps.html
  34. Pugsley  C. Te Hokowhitu a Tu. The Maori pioneer battalion in the first world war. 2nd ed. Auckland (New Zealand): Raupo Publishing (NZ) Ltd; 1995.
  35. Moser  MR, Bender  TR, Margolis  GR, Noble  GR, Kendal  AP, Ritter  DG. An outbreak of influenza aboard a commercial airliner. Am J Epidemiol. 1979;110:1–6.PubMed
  36. Hobday  RA, Cason  JW. The open-air treatment of pandemic influenza. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(Suppl2):S236–42. DOIPubMed
  37. Bridges  CB, Kuehnert  MJ, Hall  CB. Transmission of Influenza: implications for control in health care settings. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:1094–101. DOIPubMed
  38. Brankston  G, Gitterman  L, Hirji  Z, Lemieux  C, Gardam  M. Transmission of influenza A in human beings. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7:257–65. DOIPubMed
  39. Flotilla-Australia. 2010 [cited 2010 Oct 4]. http://www.flotilla-australia.com/hmnzt.htm
  40. Eyre  JW, Lowe  EC. Report upon the autumn influenza epidemic (1918) as it affected the N.Z.E.F. in the United Kingdom. Lancet. 1919;193:553–60. DOI

Main Article

Page created: August 28, 2011
Page updated: August 28, 2011
Page reviewed: August 28, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external