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Volume 16, Number 12—December 2010
Research

Surveillance and Analysis of Avian Influenza Viruses, Australia

Philip M. HansbroComments to Author , Simone Warner, John P. Tracey, K. Edla Arzey, Paul Selleck, Kim O’Riley, Emma L. Beckett, Chris Bunn, Peter D. Kirkland, Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna, Bjorn Olsen, and Aeron C. Hurt
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (P.M. Hansbro, E.L. Beckett); Department of Primary Industries, Attwood, Victoria, Australia (S. Warner, K. O’Riley); Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, New South Wales, Australia (J.P. Tracey); Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia (K.E. Arzey, P.D. Kirkland); Australian Animal Health Laboratories, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (P. Selleck); Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia (C. Bunn); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore (D. Vijaykrishna); Kalmar University, Kalmar, Sweden (B. Olsen); Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (B. Olsen); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.C. Hurt)

Main Article

Table 1

Summary of numbers and bird types sampled and PCR-positive rates of avian influenza viruses detected, by month and state, New South Wales and Victoria, Australia, 2005–2008*

Bird type and month
 New South Wales
Victoria
Total
No. samples†
 Pos
 PPR, %
 No. samples†
 Pos
 PPR, %
 No. samples†
 Pos
 PPR, %
Shorebirds
Jan 704 (5) 1 0.14 206 (206) 910 1 0.11
Feb 1,087 (8) 2 0.18 901 (901) 7 0.78 1,988 9 0.45
Mar 939 (2) 2 0.21 939 2 0.21
Apr 328 6 1.80 328 6 1.80
May 163 5 3.10 163 5 3.10
Jun 217 4 1.80 217 4 1.80
Jul 101 1 0.99 101 1 0.99
Aug 126 126
Sep 529 1 0.19 529 1 0.19
Oct 586 404 (404) 7 1.70 990 7 0.71
Nov 694 (7) 10 0.76 627 (627) 1,321 10 0.76
Dec 323 2,068 (2,068) 5 0.24 2,391 5 0.21
Total
 5,797
 32
 0.55
4,206
 19
 0.45
10,003
 51
 0.51
Waterfowl
Jan 265 4 1.50 406 23 5.70 671 27 4.00
Feb 393 9 2.30 265 2 0.75 658 11 1.70
Mar 591 (51) 14 2.40 836 (836) 44 5.30 1,427 58 4.10
Apr 836 (80) 25 3.00 241 5 2.10 1,077 30 2.80
May 1,262 (232) 18 1.40 175 10 5.70 1,437 28 1.90
Jun 740 (241) 10 1.40 14 754 10 1.30
Jul 525 (127) 13 2.50 4 529 13 2.50
Aug 496 (69) 10 2.00 496 10 2.00
Sep 596 (111) 25 4.20 5 1 20.0 601 26 4.30
Oct 381 (97) 2 0.50 329 9 2.70 710 11 1.50
Nov 770 (513) 6 0.80 366 6 1.60 1,136 12 1.00
Dec 578 (89) 10 1.70 157 1 0.64 735 11 1.50
Total
 7,433
 146
 2.00
2,798
 101
 3.60
10,231
 247
 2.40
Other
Jan 62 (12) 1 (1) 63
Feb 198 (1) 10 (10) 208
Mar 35 (27) 1 (1) 36
Apr 314 (12) 1 0.40 314 1 0.30
May 159 (60) 159
Jun 72 (44) 72
Jul 17 (6) 3 (3) 20
Aug 107 (28) 107
Sep 133 (118) 133
Oct 196 (149) 1 (1) 197
Nov 259 (154) 23 (23) 282
Dec 33 (33) 1 3.00 33 1 3.00
Total
 1,552
 1
72
 1
 1.40
1,624
 2
 0.10
Total for all birds 14,782 182 1.32% 7,076 121 1.70 21,858 300 1.40

*Shorebirds refers to migratory shorebirds only. Sampling periods were defined as calendar months. Pos, number of PCR-positive results; PPR, PCR-positive rate.
†Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of cloacal samples; the remainder were fecal samples.

Main Article

Page created: August 29, 2011
Page updated: August 29, 2011
Page reviewed: August 29, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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