Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link

Volume 16, Number 12—December 2010

Dispatch

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Domesticated Asian Elephants, Thailand

Taweepoke Angkawanish, Worawidh WajjwalkuComments to Author , Anucha Sirimalaisuwan, Thattawan Kaewsakhorn, Kittikorn Boonsri, Victor P.M.G. Rutten, and SittidetMahasawangkul
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: National Elephant Institute, Forest Industry Organization, Lampang, Thailand (T. Angkawanish, S. Mahasawangkul); Kasetsart University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand (W. Wajjwalku); Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand (A. Sirimalaisuwan, T. Kaewsakhorn, K. Boonsri); Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (T. Angkawanish, V.P.M.G. Rutten); University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa (V.P.M.G. Rutten)

Main Article

Table 1

Primers used to identify bacteria cultured from trunk wash and tissue samples from domesticated Asian elephants, Thailand, 2003–2008*

Primer Forward Reverse
16s rRNA 5′-AgA gTT TgA TCC Tgg CTC Ag-3′ 5′-ACg gCT ACC TTg TTA CgA CTT-3′
ITS 5′-TTg TAC ACA CCg CCg gTC a-3′ 5′-TCT CgA TgC CAA ggC ATC CAC C-3′
gyrB 5′-TCG GAC GCG TAT GCG ATA TC-3′ 5′-ACA TAC AGT TCG GAC TTG CG-3′

*ITS modified from (7,8); gyrB modified from (9). ITS, internal transcribed spacer; gyrB, gyrase B.

Main Article

References
  1. Mikota  SK, Peddie  L, Peddie  J, Isaza  R, Dunker  F, West  G, Epidemiology and diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). J Zoo Wildl Med. 2001;32:1–16.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Payeur  JB, Jarnagin  JL, Marquardt  JG, Whipple  DL. Mycobacterium isolation in captive elephants in USA. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002;969:256–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Michalak  K, Austin  C, Diesel  S, Bacon  JM, Zimmerman  P, Maslow  JN. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as a zoonotic disease: transmission between humans and elephants. Emerg Infect Dis. 1998;2:283–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Lewerin  SS, Olsson  SL, Eld  K, Röken  B, Ghebremichael  S, Koivula  T, Outbreak of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among captive Asian elephants in a Swedish zoo. Vet Rec. 2005;156:171–5.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Une  Y, Mori  T. Tuberculosis as a zoonosis from a veterinary perspective. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007;30:415–25. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. The National Tuberculosis Working Group for Zoo and Wildlife Species. Guidelines for the control of tuberculosis in elephants, 2008 [cited 2010 Oct 2]. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ac/ElephTBGuidelines2008.html
  7. Weisburg  WG, Barns  SM, Pelletier  DA, Lane  DJ. 16S Ribosomal DNA amplification of phylogenetic study. J Bacteriol. 1991;173:697–703.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Jones  SE, Shade  AL, McMahon  KD, Kent  AD. Comparison of primer set for use in automated ribosomal intergenic space analysis of aquatic bacterial communities: an ecological perspective. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007;73:659–62. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Kasai  H, Ezaki  T, Harayama  S. Differentiation of phylogenetically related slowly growing Mycobacteria by their gyrB sequences. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:301–8.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Gutierrez  MC, Brisse  S, Brosch  R, Fabre  M, Omais  B, Marmiesse  M, Ancient origin and gene mosaicism of the progenitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog. 2005;1:e5. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Niemann  S, Harmsen  D, Rusch-Gerdes  S, Richter  E. Differentiation of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated by gyrB DNA sequence polymorphism Analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:3231–4.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Fleche  PL, Fabre  M, Denoueud  F, Koeck  JL, Vergnaud  G. High resolution, on-line identification of strains from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex based on tandem repeat typing. BMC Microbiol. 2002;2:1471–2180. 2180–2-37.DOIGoogle Scholar
  13. Van Rhijn  I, Godfroid  J, Michel  A, Rutten  VP. Bovine tuberculosis as a model for human tuberculosis: advantages over small animal models. Microbes Infect. 2008;10:711–5. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Lyashchenko  KP, Greenwald  R, Esfandiari  J, Olsen  JH, Ball  R, Dumonceaux  G, Tuberculosis in elephants: antibody responses to defined antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, potential for early diagnosis, and monitoring of treatment. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006;13:722–32 .DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Brocsh  R, Gordon  SV, Marmiesse  M, Brodin  P, Buchrieser  C, Eiglmeier  K, A new evolutionary scenario for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;6:3684–9.

Main Article

Page created: August 29, 2011
Page updated: August 29, 2011
Page reviewed: August 29, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external