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Volume 17, Number 11—November 2011
THEME ISSUE
CHOLERA IN HAITI
Dispatch

Drug-Resistance Mechanisms in Vibrio cholerae O1 Outbreak Strain, Haiti, 2010

Maria Sjölund-KarlssonComments to Author , Aleisha Reimer, Jason P. Folster, Matthew Walker, Georges Dahourou, Dhwani Batra, Irene Martin, Kevin Joyce, Michele B. Parsons, Jacques Boncy, Jean M. Whichard, and Matthew W. Gilmour
Author affiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M. Sjölund-Karlsson, D.G. Batra, K. Joyce, M.B. Parsons, J.M. Whichard); Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A. Reimer, M. Walker, I. Martin, M.W. Gilmour); IHRC Inc., Atlanta (J.P. Folster); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (G.A. Dahourou); Ministry of Public Health and Population, Port-au-Prince (J. Boncy)

Main Article

Figure 2

Phylogenetic tree illustrating the genetic relatedness between the Haiti integrating conjugative element (ICE) ICEVchHai1 and other ICEs described in Vibrio cholerae (ICEVchBan1, ICEVchBan9, ICEVchInd1, ICEVchInd4, ICEVchInd5, ICEVchMex1, and SXT). Each ICE is listed by an abbreviated name followed by geographic origin and isolation year of the isolate in this analysis. The sequence of ICEVchHai1 was aligned with the other V. cholerae ICE sequences by using the software Progressive Mauve (http:/

Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree illustrating the genetic relatedness between the Haiti integrating conjugative element (ICE) ICEVchHai1 and other ICEs described in Vibrio cholerae (ICEVchBan1, ICEVchBan9, ICEVchInd1, ICEVchInd4, ICEVchInd5, ICEVchMex1, and SXT). Each ICE is listed by an abbreviated name followed by geographic origin and isolation year of the isolate in this analysis. The sequence of ICEVchHai1 was aligned with the other V. cholerae ICE sequences by using the software Progressive Mauve (http://asap.ahabs.wisc.edu/mauve/download.php), and a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was constructed by using PHYLIP (PHYLIP [Phylogeny Inference Package] version 3.69; distributed by J. Felsenstein, Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA). Branch lengths indicate the genetic distance between the different ICEs. The ICEVchHai1 showed highest homology (5 single-nucleotide difference) to ICEVchInd5, an ICE first detected in an isolate of V. cholerae O1 in Sevagram, India, in 1994. The ICE sequences in the analysis can be accessed by using the following GenBank accession nos.: Ban1, GQ463139; Ind1, GQ463144; Ind4, GQ463141; Ind5, GQ463142; Mex1, GQ463143; Ban9, CP001485; and SXT, AY055428. The complete sequence of the ICEVchHai1 has been deposited into GenBank under accession no. JN648379. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

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