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Volume 17, Number 3—March 2011
Dispatch

Multidrug-Resistant Genotypes of Plasmodium falciparum, Myanmar

Zhaoqing Yang1, Chaoqun Li1, Miao Miao, Zaixing Zhang, Xiaodong Sun, Hao Meng, Jie Li, Qi Fan, and Guiyun YanComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China (Z. Yang, C. Li, J. Li); Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu’er, Yunnan, (Z. Zhang, X. Sun); The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA (M. Miao, H. Meng, L. Cui); Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China (Q. Fan)

Main Article

Table 1

Prevalence of point mutation haplotypes in pfdhfr and pfdhps in clinical samples from Kachin State, northeast Myanmar, 2007–2009*

Gene Haplotype Codon† Haplotype prevalence,‡ %
2007, n = 41 2008, n = 40 2009, n = 36
Pfdhfr (51, 59, 108, 164)
 Wild-type NCSI 2.4 – –
Double mutations NRNI 9.8 5.0 –
Triple mutations NRNL 31.7a 25.0b 36.1a
IRNI 14.6a 7.5b 16.7a
Quadruple mutations
 IRNL
 41.5a
 62.5b
 47.2a
Pfdhps (436, 437, 540, 581) Wild-type SAKA 2.4 – 2.8
Single mutation SGKA – 2.5 2.8
Double mutations SGEA 9.8 2.5 –
SGNA 2.4 – –
Triple mutations SGEG 26.8a 35.0b 19.4c
SGNG 2.4 2.5 –
AGEA 48.8a 45.0a 52.8a
AGNA 7.3 – 8.3
Quadruple mutations AGEG – 10.0 11.1
AGNG – 2.5 2.8

*Pfdhfr, Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase; Pfdhps, P. falciparum dihydropoteroate synthase; –, no such haplotype detected.
†Codons in boldface indicate mutated amino acids.
‡χ2 test was performed with all data points of the 2 genes, which showed that overall haplotype prevalence differed significantly between the years (χ2 test, p<0.0001, χ2 = 76.49, df = 28). Major dhfr and dhps haplotypes were individually compared. For each haplotype (in the same row), the labeling by different letters denotes significant difference between the years (χ2 test, p<0.05).

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: July 25, 2011
Page updated: July 25, 2011
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