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Volume 17, Number 6—June 2011
Dispatch

Human Infection with Avian Influenza Virus, Pakistan, 2007

Mukhtiar Zaman, Saadia Ashraf, Nancy A. Dreyer, and Stephen TooveyComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan (M. Zaman, S. Ashraf); Outcome Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (N.A. Dreyer); University College and Royal Free Medical School, London, UK (S. Toovey)

Main Article

Table 1

Case classification definitions used to diagnose influenza (H5N1) infection in humans, Pakistan, 2007*

Classification Definition
Laboratory confirmed
 Laboratory confirmation of influenza (H5N1) virus at local/regional or World Health Organization confirmatory laboratory
Likely
Definition 1 Epidemiologically linked by time, place, and exposure to a likely or confirmed human or avian influenza (H5N1) case AND
Equivocal test OR positive laboratory confirmation of an influenza A virus infection but insufficient laboratory evidence for influenza (H5N1) virus infection AND
Clinical signs or symptoms consistent with disease (regardless of severity): fever or flu-like
Definition 2 Epidemiologically linked by time, place, and exposure to a likely or confirmed influenza (H5N1) case-patient AND
Death due to unexplained acute respiratory illness AND
Negative test/test not performed
Possible Epidemiologically linked by time, place and exposure to a likely or confirmed human or avian influenza (H5N1) case AND
Test not performed/negative test AND
Clinical signs and symptoms consistent with disease (regardless of severity): fever or flu-like
Noncase Confirmed positive for non-H5N1 influenza A virus subtype OR
Patient condition determined to have etiology other than avian influenza

Main Article

Page created: August 03, 2011
Page updated: August 03, 2011
Page reviewed: August 03, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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