Volume 17, Number 8—August 2011
Dispatch
Risk Factors for Death from Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Southern Brazil
Renata T.C. Yokota
, Lacita M. Skalinski, Cristine N. Igansi, Libia R.O. de Souza, Betine P.M. Iser, Priscilleyne O. Reis, Eliana N.C. Barros, Eduardo M. Macário, Marilina A. Bercini, Tani M.S. Ranieri, and Wildo N. Araújo
, Lacita M. Skalinski, Cristine N. Igansi, Libia R.O. de Souza, Betine P.M. Iser, Priscilleyne O. Reis, Eliana N.C. Barros, Eduardo M. Macário, Marilina A. Bercini, Tani M.S. Ranieri, and Wildo N. Araújo
Table 1
Characteristics of confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 patients, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2009*
| Characteristic | Value | No. patients |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||
| Male sex | 78 (50) | 157 |
| Age, y | 33 (0–73) | 157 |
| Family income, US$ | 678 (0–6,780) | 146 |
| Education level, y† | 8 (0–19) | 129 |
| Residence city different from hospitalization city |
46 (29) |
157 |
| Smoking habits† | ||
| Current smoker | 34 (24) | 142 |
| Years exposed to tobacco | 14 (1–47) | 33 |
| Cigarettes/day | 12 (1–60) | 33 |
| Pack-years | 8 (0–93) | 33 |
| Former smoker | 19 (13) | 142 |
| Years exposed to tobacco | 11 (1–54) | 18 |
| Cigarettes/day | 20 (3–60) | 18 |
| Pack-years |
6.5 (0–162) |
18 |
| Signs and symptoms | ||
| Cough | 155 (99) | 157 |
| Fever | 152 (97) | 157 |
| Shortness of breath | 152 (97) | 157 |
| Myalgia | 110 (70) | 157 |
| Chills | 110 (70) | 157 |
| Arthralgia | 73 (47) | 157 |
| Sore throat | 74 (47) | 157 |
| Hemoptysis | 18 (11) | 157 |
| Diarrhea | 52 (33) | 157 |
| Vomiting | 69 (44) | 157 |
| Conjunctivitis | 9 (6) | 157 |
| Headache |
56 (36) |
157 |
| Seasonal influenza vaccination in the previous year‡ | 13 (13) | 101 |
| Pneumonia vaccination in the previous year‡ | 5 (5) | 101 |
| Health care treatment before hospitalization |
136 (87) |
157 |
| Risk factor for influenza complication§ | 87 (55) | 157 |
| Diabetes | 23 (18) | 125 |
| Chronic lung disease | 23 (18) | 125 |
| Immunosuppression | 11 (9) | 125 |
| Chronic cardiovascular disease | 8 (6) | 125 |
| Chronic renal disease | 6 (5) | 125 |
| Pregnancy trimester¶ | 15 (25) | 59 |
| Second | 5 (33) | 15 |
| Third | 10 (67) | 15 |
| Age <5 y | 16 (10) | 157 |
| Age >60 y |
7 (5) |
157 |
| Obesity# | 53 (38) | 138 |
| Class III obesity** |
10 (7) |
138 |
| Hospitalization | ||
| Admitted to intensive care unit | 80 (51) | 157 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 61 (39) | 157 |
| Invasive procedures | 69 (44) | 157 |
| Clinical complications | 54 (34) | 157 |
*Values are no. (%) or median (range).
†Children <8 years of age were excluded from the denominator.
‡Influenza and pneumonia vaccination were checked on the vaccination card.
§Obesity was not included.
¶Percentage of pregnancy among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) was included.
#Body mass index (BMI) data were available for 138 patients. Obesity in adults was BMI >30 kg/m2; in children and adolescents <19 years of age, obesity was BMI for age >+2 z scores. Pregnant women were excluded.
**Class III obesity was BMI >40 kg/m2. Patients <19 years of age and pregnant women were excluded.
Page created: August 15, 2011
Page updated: August 15, 2011
Page reviewed: August 15, 2011
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