Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 18, Number 3—March 2012
Letter

Ilheus Virus Infection in Human, Bolivia

Erika A. Venegas, Patricia V. Aguilar1, Cristhopher Cruz, Carolina Guevara, Tadeusz J. Kochel, Jorge Vargas, and Eric S. HalseyComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru (E.A. Venegas, P.V. Aguilar, C. Cruz, C. Guevara, T.J. Kochel, E.S. Halsey); New York University, New York, New York, USA (E.A. Venegas); Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (J. Vargas)

Main Article

Figure

Phylogenetic analysis of the nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) gene region of 7 Ilheus virus isolates and a 189-bp nt sequence (FMB 202 Bolivia). Alignments were analyzed by using the neighbor-joining method with the Kimura 2-parameter algorithm in MEGA5 (www.megasoftware.net). Variation rate among sites was modeled with a gamma distribution (shape parameter = 1). Bootstrap confidence limits (from 1,000 replicates) are indicated at each node. Values in boldface below branches were obtained by parsi

Figure. Phylogenetic analysis of the nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) gene region of 7 Ilheus virus isolates and a 189-bp nt sequence (FMB 202 Bolivia). Alignments were analyzed by using the neighbor-joining method with the Kimura 2-parameter algorithm in MEGA5 (www.megasoftware.net). Variation rate among sites was modeled with a gamma distribution (shape parameter = 1). Bootstrap confidence limits (from 1,000 replicates) are indicated at each node. Values in boldface below branches were obtained by parsimony analysis. Boldface indicates virus isolated in this study. Rocio virus (GenBank accession no. AF013397) was included as an outgroup on the basis of the phylogram of Kuno and Chang (10). Sequence generated in our study was deposited in GenBank under accession no. JN679229. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.

Main Article

References
  1. Laemmert  HW, Hughes  T. The virus of Ilheus encephalitis: isolation, serological specificity and transmission. J Immunol. 1947;55:61–7.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Shope  RE. Epidemiology of other arthropod-borne flaviviruses infecting humans. In: Chambers T, Monath T, editors. The flaviviruses: detection, diagnosis and vaccination development. Vol. 61. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic; 2003. p. 386–7.
  3. Nassar  ES, Coimbra  TL, Rocco  IM, Pereira  LE, Ferreira  IB, de Souza  LT, Human disease caused by an arbovirus closely related to Ilheus virus: report of five cases. Intervirology. 1997;40:247–52. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Spence  L, Anderson  CR, Downs  WG. Isolation of Ilheus virus from human beings in Trinidad, West Indies. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1962;56:504–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Srihongse  S, Johnson  CM. Isolation of Ilheus virus from man in Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1967;16:516–8.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Johnson  BW, Cruz  C, Felices  V, Espinoza  WR, Manock  SR, Guevara  C, Ilheus virus isolate from a human, Ecuador. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:956–8.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Forshey  BM, Guevara  C, Laguna-Torres  VA, Cespedes  M, Vargas  J, Gianella  A, Arboviral etiologies of acute febrile illnesses in Western South America, 2000–2007. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4:e787. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Martin  DA, Muth  D, Brown  T, Johnson  A, Karabatsos  N, Roehrig  J. Standardization of immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for routine diagnosis of arboviral infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:1823–6.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Kuno  G, Chang  GJ, Tsuchiya  KR, Karabatsos  N, Cropp  CB. Phylogeny of the genus Flavivirus. J Virol. 1998;72:73–83.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Kuno  G, Chang  GJ. Biological transmission of arboviruses: reexamination of and new insights into components, mechanisms, and unique traits as well as their evolutionary trends. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18:608–37. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

1Current affiliation: University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Page created: February 16, 2012
Page updated: February 16, 2012
Page reviewed: February 16, 2012
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external