Volume 18, Number 5—May 2012
Dispatch
Influenza A and B Virus Attachment to Respiratory Tract in Marine Mammals
Table
Attachment of mammal and human avian influenza viruses to respiratory tracts of 4 marine mammals*
Host (species) and virus strain | Level and cell tropism of virus attachment |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trachea |
Bronchus |
Bronchiole |
Alveolus |
||||||||
Score | Predominant cell type | Score | Predominant cell type | Score | Predominant cell type | Score | Predominant cell type | ||||
Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) | |||||||||||
Seal (H4N5) | + | Cil | + | Cil† | + | Cil | ± | ND | |||
Seal (H7N7) | + | Cil | + | Cil† | ± | Cil | ± | ND | |||
Mallard (H4N5) | + | Cil | + | Cil† | + | Cil | ± | ND | |||
Mallard (H7N7) | + | Cil | + | Cil† | ± | Cil | ± | ND | |||
Human (H1N1) | – | – | ± | Cil | ± | ND | |||||
Human (H3N2) | – | – | ± | Cil | ± | ND | |||||
Human B | + | Cil | + | Cil† | + | Cil | ± | ND | |||
Seal B | ± | Cil | ± | Cil† | ± | Cil | ± | ND | |||
Gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) | |||||||||||
Seal (H4N5) | + | Cil† | + | Cil† | + | Cil | ± | ND | |||
Seal (H7N7) | + | Cil† | + | Cil† | + | Cil | ± | ND | |||
Mallard (H4N5) | + | Cil† | + | Cil† | + | Cil | ± | ND | |||
Mallard (H7N7) | + | Cil† | + | Cil† | + | Cil | ± | ND | |||
Human (H1N1) | – | – | – | – | |||||||
Human (H3N2) | – | – | – | – | |||||||
Human B | + | Cil† | + | Cil† | + | Cil | + | I | |||
Seal B | ± | Cil† | ± | Cil† | ± | Cil | ± | ND | |||
Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) | |||||||||||
Seal (H4N5) | ± | Cil† | ++ | Cil | ++ | Cil | ± | ND | |||
Seal (H7N7) | – | – | ± | Cil | ± | ND | |||||
Mallard (H4N5) | – | – | ± | Cil | ± | ND | |||||
Mallard (H7N7) | – | – | ± | Cil | ± | ND | |||||
Human (H1N1) | – | ± | Cil | + | Cil | ++ | I and II | ||||
Human (H3N2) | – | ± | Cil | ++ | Cil | ++ | I and II | ||||
Human B | – | – | ± | Cil | + | I | |||||
Seal B | – | – | ± | Cil | + | I | |||||
Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) | |||||||||||
Seal (H4N5) | – | ± | Cil | + | Cil | ++ | I and II | ||||
Seal (H7N7) | – | ± | Cil | ± | Cil | ± | ND | ||||
Mallard (H4N5) | – | ± | Cil | + | Cil | ++ | I and II | ||||
Mallard (H7N7) | ± | Cil† | ± | Cil | ± | Cil | ± | ND | |||
Human (H1N1) | ± | Cil† | ± | Cil | + | Cil | + | I | |||
Human (H3N2) | ± | Cil† | ± | Cil | ++ | Cil | ++ | I and II | |||
Human B | – | – | ± | Cil | + | I | |||||
Seal B | – | – | + | Cil | + | I |
*Mean abundance of cells to which virus attached was scored as follows:+, moderate (10%–50% cells positive); ±, scarce (<10% cells positive); –, negative (no attachment); ++, abundant (>50% cells positive). Cil, ciliated epithelial cell; ND, not determined; I, type I pneumocytes; II, type II pneumocytes.
†Virus attachment to submucosal glands.