Volume 19, Number 1—January 2013
Research
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease after Routine Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination in Children, England and Wales
, Mary P.E. Slack, Nick J. Andrews, Pauline A. Waight, Ray Borrow, and Elizabeth Miller
Table 2
Comorbidities in children with invasive pneumococcal disease, England and Wales, September 4, 2006–March 31, 2010
| Comorbidity |
Age group, mo, no. (%)
|
Total, n = 1,332 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3–11, n = 507 | 12–23, n = 446 | 24–59, n = 379 | ||
|
Total
|
66 (13.0)
|
54 (12.1)
|
78 (20.6)
|
198 (14.9)
|
| Malignancy/immunosuppression | 6 (9.1) | 12 (22.2) | 38 (48.7) | 56 (28.3) |
|
Hematologic malignancy |
0 | 1 | 23 | 24 |
|
Solid-organ malignancy |
3 | 6 | 7 | 16 |
|
Transplant* |
1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
|
Primary immunodeficiency |
2 | 4 | 3 | 9 |
|
HIV infection |
0
|
0
|
2
|
2
|
| Congenital heart disease | 22 (33.3) | 7 (13.0) | 7 (9.0) | 36 (18.2) |
|
Down syndrome†
|
9 (13.6)
|
5 (9.3)
|
9 (11.5)
|
23 (11.6)
|
| Respiratory disease | 10 (15.2) | 11 (20.4) | 6 (7.7) | 27 (13.6) |
|
Chronic lung disease |
5 | 5 | 4 | 14 |
|
Congenital anomaly |
5 | 5 | 1 | 11 |
|
Severe asthma on oral steroids |
0
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
| Gastrointestinal disease | 7 (10.6) | 4 (7.4) | 2 (2.6) | 13 (6.6) |
|
Biliary atresia |
5 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
|
Long-term total parenteral nutrition dependency‡ |
2
|
4
|
1
|
7
|
| Neurologic disease | 7 (10.6) | 7 (13.0) | 7 (9.0) | 21 (10.6) |
|
Cerebral insult/palsy |
4 | 1 | 4 | 9 |
|
Congenital anomaly |
2 | 4 | 2 | 8 |
|
Cochlear implant |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
|
Ventricular-peritoneal shunt |
1
|
1
|
0
|
2
|
|
Sickle cell disease
|
2 (3.0)
|
3 (5.6)
|
6 (7.7)
|
11 (5.6)
|
| Renal disease | 3 (4.5) | 5 (9.3) | 3 (3.8) | 11 (5.6) |
|
Congenital anomaly |
3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
|
Metabolic renal condition |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
|
Nephrotic syndrome |
0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
|
Chronic renal failure |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
*Transplant of the heart (2), liver (1), bone marrow (1), and kidney (1),
†Congenital heart disease also was reported in 6/9, 4/5, and 7/9 children with Down syndrome in the 3 age groups, respectively.
‡Four with postnecrotizing enterocolitis with surgical resection of bowel, 2 with protein-losing enteropathy, and 1 with malabsorption syndrome.