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Volume 19, Number 9—September 2013
Research
Protection by Face Masks against Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus on Trans-Pacific Passenger Aircraft, 2009
Lijie Zhang1, Zhibin Peng1, Jianming Ou1, Guang Zeng1, Robert E. Fontaine, Mingbin Liu, Fuqiang Cui, Rongtao Hong, Hang Zhou, Yang Huai, Shuk-Kwan Chuang, Yiu-Hong Leung, Yunxia Feng, Yuan Luo, Tao Shen, Bao-Ping Zhu, Marc-Alain Widdowson, and Hongjie Yu
Table
Case–control analysis of potential risk or protective factors for 9 case-passengers infected with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and 32 control-passengers on a flight from New York, New York, to Hong Kong, China, May 2009*
| Risk or protective factor | No response, no. (%)† | Response, no. (%) | OR (95% CI)‡ | 2-tailed p value‡ Case | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case |
Control |
Case |
Control |
||||
| Age, y | Age, y | ||||||
| <20 | 0 | 0 | 4 (44) | 4 (12) | <20 | 0 | |
| 20–40 | 0 | 0 | 4 (44) | 15 (47) | 20–40 | 0 | |
| >40 | 0 | 0 | 1 (11) | 13 (41) | >40 | 0 | |
| Male sex | 0 | 0 | 5 (56) | 15 (47) | Male sex | 0 | |
| Chinese ethnicity | 0 | 0 | 8 (89) | 32 (100) | Chinese ethnicity | 0 | |
| Flight from New York to Vancouver | Flight from New York to Vancouver | ||||||
| Wearing mask | 0 | 0 | 1 (11) | 16 (57) | Wearing mask | 0 | |
| Using lavatory 3 | 0 | 3 (11) | 2 (22) | 7 (28) | Using lavatory 3 | 0 | |
| Using lavatory 5 | 1 (11) | 3 (11) | 2 (25) | 4 (16) | Using lavatory 5 | 1 (11) | |
| Using lavatory 3 or 5 | 1 (11) | 1 (3.6) | 3 (38) | 11 (41) | Using lavatory 3 or 5 | 1 (11) | |
| Using lavatory 3, 4, 5, or 6 | 0 | 1 (3.6) | 6 (67) | 14 (52) | Using lavatory 3, 4, 5, or 6 | 0 | |
| Flight from Vancouver to Hong Kong | Flight from Vancouver to Hong Kong | ||||||
| Wearing mask | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 (47) | Wearing mask | 0 | |
| Using lavatory 3 | 0 | 2 (6) | 5 (56) | 7 (23) | Using lavatory 3 | 0 | |
| Using lavatory 5 | 1 (13) | 2 (6) | 1 (13) | 5 (17) | Using lavatory 5 | 1 (13) | |
| Using lavatory 3 or 5 | 1 (13) | 0 | 5 (63) | 12 (38) | Using lavatory 3 or 5 | 1 (13) | |
| Using lavatory 3, 4, 5, or 6 | 0 | 0 | 7 (78) | 20 (63) | Using lavatory 3, 4, 5, or 6 | 0 | |
| Flight from New York to Hong Kong | Flight from New York to Hong Kong | ||||||
| Wearing mask | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 (47) | Wearing mask | 0 | |
| Talking with other passengers | 0 | 0 | 2 (22) | 6 (19) | Talking with other passengers | 0 | |
| Moving around airplane | 0 | 0 | 1 (11) | 3 (9.4) | Moving around airplane | 0 | |
| Contact with patients with ILI | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Contact with patients with ILI | 0 | |
| Hand sanitation¶ | Hand sanitation¶ | ||||||
| Washing hands when using lavatory | 0 | 0 | 9 (100) | 32 (100) | Washing hands when using lavatory | 0 | |
| Cleaning hands before eating | 0 | 0 | 8 (89) | 29 (91) | Cleaning hands before eating | 0 | |
| Among 9 case- and 17 control-passengers who did not wear masks during flight from Vancouver to Hong Kong | |||||||
| Using lavatory 3 | 0 | 1 (6) | 5 (56) | 6 (38) | Using lavatory 3 | 0 | |
| Using lavatory 3 or 5 | 1 (13) | 0 | 5 (63) | 9 (53) | Using lavatory 3 or 5 | 1 (13) | |
| Using lavatory 3, 4, 5, or 6 | 0 | 0 | 7 (78) | 13 (76) | Using lavatory 3, 4, 5, or 6 | 0 | |
*Of the 32 control-passengers on the flight from New York to Hong Kong, 28 boarded in New York and 4 boarded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. OR, odds ratio; NA, not applicable; ILI, influenza-like illness; NE, not estimated.
†No. case-passengers or control-passengers who did not answer the question.
‡By Fisher Exact test and StatXact 8 (15).
§Difference among 3 age groups.
¶Always washed hands when using lavatory and always used wet towel before eating.
1These authors contributed equally to this article.
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- Page last updated: August 20, 2013
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