Volume 19, Number 9—September 2013
Research
New Estimates of Incidence of Encephalitis in England
Table 2
Characteristics of HES-only admissions compared with those that matched to PHE study cases and characteristics of cases included in the PHE study only compared with those of PHE study cases that matched to HES, England, November 1, 2006–October 31, 2007*
| Characteristics | HES |
PHE study |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HES only, n = 380 | Matched,† n = 59 | p value | PHE only, n = 54 | Matched,‡ n = 59 | p value§ | ||
| Age group† | |||||||
| <1 | 14 (77.8) | 4 (22.2) | 0.11§ | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | 0.22 | |
| 1–4 | 23 (71.9) | 9 (28.1) | 5 (38.5) | 8 (61.5) | |||
| 5–19 | 51 (86.4) | 8 (13.6) | 6 (40) | 9 (60) | |||
| 20–44 | 113 (85.6) | 19 (14.4) | 15 (44.1) | 19 (55.9) | |||
| 45–64 | 115 (88.5) | 15 (11.5) | 9 (39.1) | 14 (60.9) | |||
| >65 |
52 (92.9) |
4 (7.1) |
14 (73.7) |
5 (26.3) |
|||
| Sex | |||||||
| M | 192 (86.9) | 29 (13.1) | 0.89§ | 34 (54) | 29 (46) | 0.18 | |
| F |
188 (86.2) |
30 (13.8) |
20 (40) |
30 (60) |
|||
| Ethnicity** | |||||||
| White | 248 (86.7) | 38 (13.3) | 0.2§ | 40 (48.8) | 42 (51.2) | 0.66 | |
| Mixed | 2 (100) | 0 | 2 (50) | 2 (50) | |||
| Asian or Asian British | 23 (82.1) | 5 (17.9) | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) | |||
| Black or black British | 27 (87.1) | 4 (12.9) | 8 (50) | 8 (50) | |||
| Chinese or other |
12 (66.7) |
6 (33.3) |
2 (50) |
2 (50) |
|||
| Etiology | |||||||
| Herpes simplex virus | 13 (46.4) | 15 (53.6) | <0.001§ | 8 (33.3) | 16 (66.7) | 0.01 | |
| Varicella zoster virus | 25 (89.3) | 3 (10.7) | 2 (50) | 2 (50) | |||
| Other specified viral | 37 (88.1) | 5 (11.9) | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | |||
| Bacterial | 10 (71.4) | 4 (28.6) | 12 (80) | 3 (20) | |||
| Parasitic | 7 (100) | 0 | 2 (100) | 0 | |||
| Amoebic | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Fungal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Immune-mediated | 37 (82.2) | 8 (17.8) | 5 (21.7) | 18 (78.3) | |||
| Unknown | 218 (91.2) | 21 (8.8) | 21 (56.8) | 16 (43.2) | |||
| Other mixed |
33 (91.7) |
3 (8.3) |
1 (50) |
1 (50) |
|||
| Admission type | |||||||
| Elective | 119 (95.2) | 6 (4.8) | 0.001§ | ||||
| Emergency | 218 (83.5) | 43 (16.5) | |||||
| Transfer†† |
43 (81.1) |
10 (18.9) |
|||||
| Discharge destination‡‡ | |||||||
| Home | 272 (86.3) | 43 (13.7) | 0.85§ | ||||
| Other hospital/nursing home | 37 (84.1) | 7 (15.9) | |||||
| Died |
40 (85.1) |
7 (14.9) |
|||||
| Treatment specialty | |||||||
| Neurosurgery | 38 (100) | 0 | <0.001¶ | ||||
| General medicine | 65 (81.2) | 15 (18.8) | |||||
| Neurology | 121 (90.3) | 13 (9.7) | |||||
| Pediatrics | 27 (73) | 10 (27) | |||||
| Pediatric neurology | 22 (75.9) | 7 (24.1) | |||||
| Infectious diseases | 11 (68.8) | 5 (31.2) | |||||
| Intensive care medicine | 10 (71.4) | 4 (28.6) | |||||
| Other |
86 (94.5) |
5 (5.5) |
|||||
| Median length of stay, d (range) | 11 (0–737); n = 351 | 31 (0–414);§§ n = 57 | <0.001# | ||||
*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. HES, Hospital Episode Statistics; PHE, Public Health England.
†Using data from HES.
‡Using data from the PHE study.
§Fisher exact test.
¶χ2 test.
#Mann Whitney test.
**For HES only. n = 312; HES matched, n = 53; PHE only n = 53.
††Transfer from other hospital, excluding emergency.
‡‡For HES matched, n = 57.
§§For HES only, n = 368.
1On behalf of the United Kingdom Public Health England Aetiology of Encephalitis Study Group (members listed at the end of this article).