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Volume 2, Number 4—October 1996
Synopsis

Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Virulence: Type III Secretion and Pathogenicity Islands

Joan Mecsas and Evelyn J. Strauss
Author affiliations: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California

Main Article

Table 2

Characteristics of several pathogenicity islands

Organism Name Location Borders Stable ? Foreign origin G+C: % island/ % chromosome Functions Size Ref.
Uropathogenic E. coli 536 Pathogenicity island I, Pai I selCa, 82' • 16 bp direct repeats, derived from selC
• shared motif with Pai II repeats no direct repeats
absent from normal fecal and laboratory strains of E. coli 
-hemolysin I 70 kb 3, 82, 84
Pai II leuXa, 97' • 18 bp direct repeats, derived from leuX
• shared motif with Pai I repeats no direct repeats
absent from normal fecal and laboratory strains of E. coli 
-hemolysin II
prf (fimbriae: adherence to host cells)
transcriptional activators of chromosomal genes 190 kb 3,4, 67, 82, 84
Uropathogenic E. coli J96 Pai I near pheVa, 64' absent from normal fecal and laboratory strains of E. coli 
-hemolysin I
pap (fimbriae: adherence to host cells)
IS element sequences
R plasmid sequences
P4 phage sequences >170 kb 96
Pai II pheRa, 94' 135 bp imperfect direct repeats no direct repeats
absent from normal fecal and laboratory strains of E. coli 
-hemolysin II
prs (fimbriae: adherence to host cells)
cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1
IS element sequences
P4 phage sequences
OmpR homolog 106 kb 4, 96, 97
Entero-pathogenic E. coli (EPEC) Locus of enterocyte effacement, LEE selCa, 82' no repeats or IS elements found yesb G+C: 39%/51%
not present in closely related, non-AE-producing bacteria mediates formation of AE lesions
type III secretion system 35 kb 63, 83
Salmonella typhimurium Salmonella pathogenicity island 1, SPI 1 between fhl and mutS, 63' no repeats or IS elements found in S. typhimurium; IS3 on one border in certain Salmonella serotypes yesb,c G+C: 42%/52%
absent from E. coli invasion into cultured epithelial cells
type III secretion system 40 kb 28, 68
SPI 2 between ydhE and pykF, 31' yesb G+C: 45%/52%
absent from E. coli; conserved among Salmonella type III secretion system 40 kb 43
Salmonella induced filament gene A, sifA potB/ potC 14 bp direct repeats yes G+C: 41%/52%
direct repeats
absent in E. coli; conserved among Salmonella required for formation of structures associated with Salmonella-associated vacuoles within epithelial cells 1.6 kb 69d
Yersinia pestis Ability to adsorb exogenous pigments, Pgm phoE 2.2 kb direct repeats (=IS100) no G+C: hemin storage region 47%/46-50%; yersiniabactin receptor/ iron-regulated protein region 56-60%/46-50%
direct repeats hemin and congo red binding
pesticin sensitivity
iron acquisition
growth at 37 C in defined medium 102 kb 70, 71
Helicobacter pylori Cytotoxin-associated gene region, Cag glr • 31 bp direct repeats, derived from glutamate racemase gene
• IS605 on one end see text G+C: 35%/38-45%
IS elements
not present in type II strains induction of IL-8 secretion
homologues to membrane-associated proteins: environmental sensors, translocases, permeases, pilus and flagella assembly proteins
IS elements 40 kb e
Vibrio cholerae O139 otnA otnB rfb flanked by two different IS elements IS elements
not present in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor capsule and O antigen synthesis (by homology) 35 kb 93, 98
Listeria monocytogenes between prs and ldh No IS elements found yesb not present in several nonpathogenic species escape from vacuole
intra-/inter-cellular spread 9.6 kb 99

atRNA gene
bapparently
cunstable in certain serotypes
dadditional information received in personal communication with M. Stein
eCensini S, et al., 1996, submitted for publication

Main Article

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