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Volume 20, Number 1—January 2014
Dispatch

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in High-Risk Groups, Zimbabwe

John Z. MetcalfeComments to Author , Salome Makumbirofa, Beauty Makamure, Charles Sandy, Wilbert Bara, Stanley Mungofa, Philip C. Hopewell, and Peter Mason
Author affiliations: Curry International Tuberculosis Center–San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA (J.Z. Metcalfe, P.C. Hopewell); Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe (S. Makumbirofa, B. Makamure, P. Mason); National Tuberculosis Control Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (C. Sandy); Harare City Health Department, Harare, Zimbabwe (W. Bara, S. Mungofa); University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare (P. Mason)

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Table

Characteristics of participants in study of MDR TB, Harare, Zimbabwe, 2011–2012*

Characteristic
 MDR-TB, n = 25
 Monoresistant TB, n = 14
 Drug-sensitive TB, n = 90
 Unconfirmed TB, n = 84
 p value
Age, median (IQR) 34 (27–42) 35 (29–45) 37 (30–44) 39 (32–48) 0.67
Male, no. (%)
 13 (52)
 6 (43)
 58 (64)
 48 (57)
 0.36
Retreatment category, no. (%)
Treatment failure 9 (36) 0 9 (10) 21 (25) <0.001
Late smear conversion 8 (32) 1 (7) 30 (33) 13 (16)
Default 0 (0.0) 2 (14) 13 (14) 7 (8)
Relapse 7 (28) 7 (50) 34 (38) 34 (41)
New
 1 (4)
 4 (29)
 1 (1)
 4 (5)
Sputum smear positivity, no. (%)
 20 (80)
 7 (50)
 52 (53)
 6 (7)
 <0.001
HIV infection, no. (%) 18 (72) 13 (93) 57 (65) 69 (82) 0.02
Antiretroviral treatment, no. (%)
 14 (78)
 10 (77)
 41 (72)
 52 (75)
 0.95
Time receiving TB treatment, median (IQR)
 98 (4–175)
 0 (0–3)
 31 (2–103)
 101 (5–186)
 0.03
Prior treatment courses, no. (%)
None 8 (32) 5 (36) 30 (33) 21 (25) 0.52
1 12 (48) 7 (50) 40 (44) 40 (48)
≥2 5 (20) 2 (14) 20 (22) 22 (27)

*Retreatment classification was defined according to international standards (8); late smear conversion was defined as sputum AFB smear-positivity after month 3 but before month 5 of treatment. Monoresistant TB was defined as resistance to either isoniazid or rifampin, but not both. The denominator for antiretroviral treatment included persons with HIV infection. MDR TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; IQR, interquartile range; AFB, acid-fast bacilli.

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References
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