Volume 20, Number 2—February 2014
Dispatch
Genetic Characterization of Coronaviruses from Domestic Ferrets, Japan
Figure 2

Figure 2. . Phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide sequences of partial S genes of ferret coronaviruses (FRCoVs) isolated in Japan (shown in boldface; sample IDs are indicated) compared with other coronaviruses (CoVs). The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method in MEGA5.0 software (10); bootstrap values of >90 are shown. Asterisks indicate samples from ferrets infected with FRCoVs of both genotypes1 and 2. DDBJ/EMBL-Bank/GenBank accession numbers for the nucleotide sequences are shown in parentheses. FRSCV, ferret systemic coronavirus; FRECV, ferret enteric coronavirus. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.
References
- Williams BH, Kiupel M, West KH, Raymond JT, Grant CK, Glickman LT. Coronavirus-associated epizootic catarrhal enteritis in ferrets. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2000;217:526–30. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Wise AG, Kiupel M, Maes RK. Molecular characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE) in ferrets. Virology. 2006;349:164–74. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Garner MM, Ramsell K, Morera N, Juan-Sallés C, Jiménez J, Ardiaca M, Clinicopathologic features of a systemic coronavirus-associated disease resembling feline infectious peritonitis in the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius). Vet Pathol. 2008;45:236–46. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Martínez J, Ramis AJ, Reinacher M, Perpiñán D. Detection of feline infectious peritonitis virus–like antigen in ferrets. Vet Rec. 2006;158:523. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Wise AG, Kiupel M, Garner MM, Clark AK, Maes RK. Comparative sequence analysis of the distal one-third of the genomes of a systemic and an enteric ferret coronavirus. Virus Res. 2010;149:42–50. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Graham E, Lamm C, Denk D, Stidworthy MF, Carrasco DC, Kubiak M. Systemic coronavirus-associated disease resembling feline infectious peritonitis in ferrets in the UK. Vet Rec. 2012;171:200–1. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Martínez J, Reinacher M, Perpiñán D, Ramis A. Identification of group 1 coronavirus antigen in multisystemic granulomatous lesions in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). J Comp Pathol. 2008;138:54–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Michimae Y, Mikami S, Okimoto K, Toyosawa K, Matsumoto I, Kouchi M, The first case of feline infectious peritonitis–like pyogranuloma in a ferret infected by coronavirus in Japan. J Toxicol Pathol. 2010;23:99–101. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Poon LL, Chu DK, Chan KH, Wong OK, Ellis TM, Leung YH, Identification of a novel coronavirus in bats. J Virol. 2005;79:2001–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Provacia LB, Smits SL, Martina BE, Raj VS, Doel PV, Amerongen GV, Enteric coronavirus in ferrets, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17:1570–1 .PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Pedersen NC, Liu H, Dodd KA, Pesavento PA. Significance of coronavirus mutants in feces and diseased tissues of cats suffering from feline infectious peritonitis. Viruses. 2009;1:166–84. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Chang HW, de Groot RJ, Egberink HF, Rottier PJ. Feline infectious peritonitis: insights into feline coronavirus pathobiogenesis and epidemiology based on genetic analysis of the viral 3c gene. J Gen Virol. 2010;91:415–20. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Pedersen NC. A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: 1963–2008. J Feline Med Surg. 2009;11:225–58. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Chang HW, Egberink HF, Halpin R, Spiro DJ, Rottier PJ. Spike protein fusion peptide and feline coronavirus virulence. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18:1089–95. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar