Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016
Research
Factors Associated with Loss to Follow-up during Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, the Philippines, 2012–2014
Table 5
Univariate analysis of diagnosis and treatment factors associated with loss to follow-up during treatment for multidrug-resistant TB, the Philippines, 2012–2014*
Characteristic, data from patient interviews | Total | Case-patients† | Control-patients† | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Side effects during MDR TB treatment‡ | |||||
Nausea | |||||
Yes | 230 | 74 (81.3) | 156 (85.7) | 0.73 (0.37–1.42) | 0.35 |
No | 43 | 17 (18.7) | 26 (14.3) | 1.00 | |
Vomiting | |||||
Yes | 210 | 74 (81.3) | 136 (74.7) | 1.47 (0.79–2.75) | 0.22 |
No | 63 | 17 (18.7) | 46 (25.3) | 1.00 | |
Diarrhea | |||||
Yes | 195 | 56 (61.5) | 139 (76.4) | 0.49 (0.29–0.85) | 0.01 |
No | 78 | 35 (38.5) | 43 (23.6) | 1.00 | |
Headache | |||||
Yes | 212 | 68 (75.6) | 144 (79.1) | 0.82 (0.45–1.48) | 0.50 |
No | 60 | 22 (24.4) | 38 (20.9) | 1.00 | |
Sleep disturbances | |||||
Yes | 231 | 75 (83.3) | 156 (85.7) | 0.83 (0.42–1.67) | 0.61 |
No | 41 | 15 (16.7) | 26 (14.3) | 1.00 | |
Tingling/pain in hands or feet | |||||
Yes | 187 | 55 (61.1) | 132 (72.5) | 0.6 (0.35–1.02) | 0.06 |
No | 85 | 35 (38.9) | 50 (27.5) | 1.00 | |
Hearing problems | |||||
Yes | 202 | 68 (75.6) | 134 (73.6) | 1.11 (0.62–1.98) | 0.73 |
No | 70 | 22 (24.4) | 48 (26.4) | 1.00 | |
Dizziness | |||||
Yes | 231 | 75 (83.3) | 156 (85.7) | 0.83 (0.42–1.67) | 0.61 |
No | 41 | 15 (16.7) | 26 (14.3) | 1.00 | |
Nervousness/anxiety | |||||
Yes | 160 | 51 (56.7) | 109 (59.9) | 0.88 (0.53–1.46) | 0.61 |
No | 112 | 39 (43.3) | 73 (40.1) | 1.00 | |
Pain in joints | |||||
Yes | 221 | 68 (75.6) | 153 (84.1) | 0.59 (0.31–1.09) | 0.09 |
No | 51 | 22 (24.4) | 29 (15.9) | 1.00 | |
Vision problems | |||||
Yes | 155 | 53 (58.9) | 102 (56) | 1.12 (0.67–1.87) | 0.66 |
No | 117 | 37 (41.1) | 80 (44) | 1.00 | |
Fatigue/extreme tiredness | |||||
Yes | 208 | 70 (77.8) | 138 (75.8) | 1.12 (0.61–2.04) | 0.72 |
No |
64 |
20 (22.2) |
44 (24.2) |
1.00 |
|
Participant travel expenses | |||||
Cost to travel to treatment center, intensive phase of treatment | 239 | 97.58 (103.64)§ | 70.83 (57.24)§ | 1.00 (1.00–1.01¶ | 0.035 |
Cost to travel to treatment center, continuation phase of treatment | 138 | 67.93 (65.24)§ | 52.46 (39.37)§ | 1.01 (0.00–1.02)¶ | 0.383 |
Source of funds to travel to/from treatment center, intensive phase of treatment | |||||
Own/personal money | |||||
Yes | 203 | 68 (74.7) | 135 (74.2) | 1.03 (0.58–1.83) | 0.92 |
No | 70 | 23 (25.3) | 47 (25.8) | 1.00 | |
TB program funds | |||||
Yes | 183 | 48 (52.7) | 135 (74.2) | 0.39 (0.23–0.66) | <0.001 |
No | 90 | 43 (47.3) | 47 (25.8) | 1.00 | |
Borrowed money | |||||
Yes | 99 | 38 (41.8) | 61 (33.5) | 1.42 (0.85–2.39) | 0.18 |
No | 174 | 53 (58.2) | 121 (66.5) | 1.00 |
*Boldface indicates significance. TB, tuberculosis.
†No. (%) unless noted otherwise.
‡Participants were asked to rate severity of medication side effects on a scale of 1–10 (0 = absence of symptoms; 1 = very mild, 10 = extremely severe).
§Mean (SD).
¶Odds ratio is per 1 point increase in cost unit.