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Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016

Research

Factors Associated with Loss to Follow-up during Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, the Philippines, 2012–2014

Thelma E. TupasiComments to Author , Anna Marie Celina G. Garfin, Ekaterina V. Kurbatova, Joan M. Mangan, Ruth Orillaza-Chi, Leilani C. Naval, Glenn I. Balane, Ramon Basilio, Alexander Golubkov, Evelyn S. Joson, Woo-jin Lew, Vivian Lofranco, Mariquita Mantala, Stuart Pancho, and Jesus N. Sarol
Author affiliations: Tropical Disease Foundation, Inc., Makati City, the Philippines (T.E. Tupasi, L.C. Naval, G.I. Balane, E.S. Joson, J.N. Sarol Jr.); Department of Health, Manila, the Philippines (A.M.C.G. Garfin, R. Basilio); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.V. Kurbatova, J.M. Mangan); Philippine Business for Social Progress–Innovations and Multisectoral Partnership to Achieve Control of Tuberculosis Project, Manila (R. Orillaza-Chi); US Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA (A. Golubkov); World Health Organization Philippines, Manila (W.-j. Lew); The Lung Center of the Philippines, Manila (V. Lofranco, S. Pancho); Technical Assistance to the Countries–USAID-funded activity, Manila (M. Mantala)

Main Article

Table 5

Univariate analysis of diagnosis and treatment factors associated with loss to follow-up during treatment for multidrug-resistant TB, the Philippines, 2012–2014*

Characteristic, data from patient interviews Total Case-patients† Control-patients† Odds ratio (95% CI) p value
Side effects during MDR TB treatment‡
Nausea
Yes 230 74 (81.3) 156 (85.7) 0.73 (0.37–1.42) 0.35
No 43 17 (18.7) 26 (14.3) 1.00
Vomiting
Yes 210 74 (81.3) 136 (74.7) 1.47 (0.79–2.75) 0.22
No 63 17 (18.7) 46 (25.3) 1.00
Diarrhea
Yes 195 56 (61.5) 139 (76.4) 0.49 (0.29–0.85) 0.01
No 78 35 (38.5) 43 (23.6) 1.00
Headache
Yes 212 68 (75.6) 144 (79.1) 0.82 (0.45–1.48) 0.50
No 60 22 (24.4) 38 (20.9) 1.00
Sleep disturbances
Yes 231 75 (83.3) 156 (85.7) 0.83 (0.42–1.67) 0.61
No 41 15 (16.7) 26 (14.3) 1.00
Tingling/pain in hands or feet
Yes 187 55 (61.1) 132 (72.5) 0.6 (0.35–1.02) 0.06
No 85 35 (38.9) 50 (27.5) 1.00
Hearing problems
Yes 202 68 (75.6) 134 (73.6) 1.11 (0.62–1.98) 0.73
No 70 22 (24.4) 48 (26.4) 1.00
Dizziness
Yes 231 75 (83.3) 156 (85.7) 0.83 (0.42–1.67) 0.61
No 41 15 (16.7) 26 (14.3) 1.00
Nervousness/anxiety
Yes 160 51 (56.7) 109 (59.9) 0.88 (0.53–1.46) 0.61
No 112 39 (43.3) 73 (40.1) 1.00
Pain in joints
Yes 221 68 (75.6) 153 (84.1) 0.59 (0.31–1.09) 0.09
No 51 22 (24.4) 29 (15.9) 1.00
Vision problems
Yes 155 53 (58.9) 102 (56) 1.12 (0.67–1.87) 0.66
No 117 37 (41.1) 80 (44) 1.00
Fatigue/extreme tiredness
Yes 208 70 (77.8) 138 (75.8) 1.12 (0.61–2.04) 0.72
No
 64
 20 (22.2)
 44 (24.2)
 1.00
Participant travel expenses
Cost to travel to treatment center, intensive phase of treatment 239 97.58 (103.64)§ 70.83 (57.24)§ 1.00 (1.00–1.01¶ 0.035
Cost to travel to treatment center, continuation phase of treatment 138 67.93 (65.24)§ 52.46 (39.37)§ 1.01 (0.00–1.02)¶ 0.383
Source of funds to travel to/from treatment center, intensive phase of treatment
Own/personal money
Yes 203 68 (74.7) 135 (74.2) 1.03 (0.58–1.83) 0.92
No 70 23 (25.3) 47 (25.8) 1.00
TB program funds
Yes 183 48 (52.7) 135 (74.2) 0.39 (0.23–0.66) <0.001
No 90 43 (47.3) 47 (25.8) 1.00
Borrowed money
Yes 99 38 (41.8) 61 (33.5) 1.42 (0.85–2.39) 0.18
No 174 53 (58.2) 121 (66.5) 1.00

*Boldface indicates significance. TB, tuberculosis.
†No. (%) unless noted otherwise.
‡Participants were asked to rate severity of medication side effects on a scale of 1–10 (0 = absence of symptoms; 1 = very mild, 10 = extremely severe).
§Mean (SD).
¶Odds ratio is per 1 point increase in cost unit.

Main Article

Page created: February 18, 2016
Page updated: February 18, 2016
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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