Novel Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses in Migratory Birds, China, 2013–2014
Li-Chen Zhou
1, Jing Liu
1, En-Le Pei
1, Wen-Jie Xue
1, Jia-Min Lyu, Yin-Ting Cai, Di Wu, Wei Wu, Yu-Yi Liu, Hui-Yu Jin, Yu-Wei Gao, Zheng-Huan Wang
, and Tian-Hou Wang
Author affiliations: Laboratory of Wildlife Epidemic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (L.-C. Zhou, J. Liu, J.-M. Lyu, Z.-H. Wang, T.-H. Wang); Shanghai Municipal Agency of Wildlife Conservation, Shanghai (E.-L. Pei, D. Wu, H.-Y. Jin); Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve, Shanghai (W.-J. Xue, W. Wu); Jiuduansha Wetland National Nature Reserve, Shanghai, China (Y.-T. Cai) Wildlife Conservation Section, Shanghai Municipal Forestry Bureau, Shanghai (Y.-Y. Liu); Research Center of Wildlife Disease, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China (Y.-W. Gao)
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Figure
Figure. Phylogenetic tree of the hemagglutinin (HA) genes of influenza A subtype H5 viruses from wild birds of Shanghai, China, 2013–2014. Boldface indicates viruses from this study; representative isolates are underlined and referred to in abbreviated form in brackets. A total of 109 HA gene sequences (≥1,594 nt) were used for tree reconstruction. Representative strains and clades are recommended by WHO/OIE/FAO H5N1 Evolution Working Group and were retrieved from Influenza Virus Resource Database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/FLU/Database/select.cgi) and GISAID’s EpiFluTM Database (http://platform.gisaid.org/epi3/frontend). The phylogenetic tree was constructed by using the maximum likelihood method based on the general time reversible model with bootstrap analysis (100 replicates), by MEGA version 6 (http://www.megasoftware.net/). Bootstrap values ≥50% are shown. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. (See Technical Appendix.)
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