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Volume 22, Number 9—September 2016
Research

Ebola Virus Disease, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2014

Carolina Nanclares, Jimmy Kapetshi, Fanshen Lionetto, Olimpia de la Rosa, Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfun, Miriam Alia, Gary Kobinger, and Andrea BernasconiComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Médecins Sans Frontières, Barcelona, Spain (C. Nanclares, F. Lionetto, O. de la Rosa, M. Alia, A. Bernasconi); Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasha, Democratic Republic of the Congo (J. Kapetshi, J.-J. Muyembe Tamfun); Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (G. Kobinger); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland (A. Bernasconi); University of Basel, Basel (A. Bernasconi)

Main Article

Table 3

Symptoms and signs developed during hospitalization during the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Ebola treatment centers, Lokolia and Boende, Democratic Republic of the Congo, July–November 2014*

Symptom, sign Survived, no. (%) Died, 
no. (%) Total, 
no. (%) Average no. days CFR Relative risk (95% CI) p value Patient age group, y, %
p value
<15 >15
Symptom
Asthenia 12 (92.3) 12 (100) 24 (96.0) 4 50.0 0 88.9 100.0 0.36
Anorexia 7 (53.8) 10 (83.3) 17 (68.0) 2.9 58.8 2.35 (0.66–8.33) 0.2 44.4 81.3 0.075
Myalgia 6 (46.1) 9 (75.0) 15 (60.0) 2.3 60.0 2 (0.71–5.62) 0.22 11.1 87.5 0
Arthralgia 5 (38.4) 6 (50.0) 11 (44.0) 2.4 54.5 1.27 (0.56–2.86) 0.69 11.1 62.5 0.017
Headache 6 (46.1) 5 (41.7) 11 (44.0) 2 45.5 0.90 (0.39–2.09) 10 22.2 56.3 0.11
RUQ abdominal pain 3 (23.1) 7 (58.3) 10 (40.0) 2.3 70.0 2.10 (0.92–4.78) 0.11 11.1 56.3 0.034
Difficulty swallowing 2 (15.4) 6 (50.0) 8 (32.0) 1 75.0 2.12 (0.99–4.53) 0.09 0 50.0 0.012
Nausea 3 (23.1) 5 (41.7) 8 (32.0) 2.3 62.5 1.52 (0.69–3.31) 0.41 0 50.0 0.012
Dyspnea 0 (0) 6 (50.0) 6 (24.0) 100.0 3.16 (1.63–6.13) 0.005 11.1 31.3 0.267
Disorientation 0 (0) 6 (50.0) 6 (24.0) 100.0 3.16 (1.63–6.14) 0.005 11.1 31.3 0.267
Cough 1 (7.7) 2 (16.6) 3 (12.0) 1 66.7 1.46 (0.58–3.69) 0.59 0 18.8 0.243
Chest pain 1 (7.7) 2 (16.6) 3 (12.0) 1 66.7 1.46 (0.58–3.69) 0.59 0 18.8 0.243
Back pain 1 (7.7) 1 (8.3) 2 (8.0) 2 50.0 1 (0.24–4.45) 10 0 12.5 0.4
Stomach pain/cramps 2 (15.4) 0 2 (8.0) 1 0 0 0.0 0 12.5 0.4
Diarrhea 6 (46.1) 11 (91.7) 17 (68.0) 2.3 64.7 5.17 (0.8–33.5) 0.03 44.4 81.3 0.075
Fever up to 39.5°C 4 (33.3) 11 (91.7) 15 (60.0) 1.5 73.3 7.33 (1.11–48.2) 0.003 44.4 68.8 0.222
Vomiting 7 (53.8) 8 (66.6) 15 (60.0) 1.3 53.3 1.33 (0.54–3.20) 0.68 100.0 100.0 0.053
Dehydration 1 (7.7) 8 (66.6) 9 (36.0) 1 88.9 3.55 (1.47–8.56) 0.003 22.2 43.8 0.264
Hiccups 0 4 (33.3) 4 (16.0) 100.0 2.62 (1.52–4.53) 0.04 11.1 18.8 0.54
Tender abdomen 1 (7.7) 2 (16.6) 3 (12.0) 4 66.7 1.46 (0.58–3.68) 0.59 0 18.8 0.243
Fever >39.5°C 1 (7.7) 1 (8.3) 2 (8.0) 1 50.0 1.04 (0.24–4.45) 10 11.1 6.3 0.6
Nonhemorrhagic rash
0
1 (8.3)
1 (4.0)
2
100.0
2.18 (1.41–3.37)
0.48
0
6.3
0.64
Hemorrhagic sign
Hemorrhagic 4 (30.7) 9 (75.0) 13 (52.0) 3.5 69.20 2.77 (0.97–7.87) 0.04 44.4 56.3 0.44
Hemorrhagic, excluding
red eyes/subconjunctival
hemorrhage 2 (15.4) 9 (75.0) 11 (44.0) 1 85.70 3.81 (1.34–10.8) 0.03 33.3 50.0 0.3
Bloody feces 1 (7.7) 6 (50.0) 7 (28.0) 1 85.7 2.57 (1.25–5.28) 0.03 33.3 25.0 0.499
Bleeding from injection
site 1 (7.7) 5 (41.7) 6 (24.0) 1 83.3 2.26 (1.13–4.50) 0.07 22.2 25.0 0.637
Red eyes/subconjunctival
hemorrhage 3 (23.1) 3 (25.0) 6 (24.0) 4 50.0 1.05 (0.41–2.67) 10 11.1 31.3 0.267
Hematemesis 0 5 (41.7) 5 (20.0) 100.0 2.87 (1.57–5.19) 0.01 11.1 25.0 0.391
Hemoptysis 0 2 (16.6) 2 (8.0) 100.0 2.30 (1.44–3.66) 0.22 0 12.5 0.4
Epistaxis 0 1 (8.3) 1 (4.0) 100.0 2.18 (1.41–3.37) 0.48 0 6.3 0.64
Gingival/oral bleeding 0 1 (8.3) 1 (4.0) 1 100.0 2.18 (1.41–3.37) 0.48 11.1 0 0.36

*RUQ, right upper quadrant.

Main Article

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