Volume 22, Number 9—September 2016
Research
Ebola Virus Disease, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2014
Carolina Nanclares, Jimmy Kapetshi, Fanshen Lionetto, Olimpia de la Rosa, Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfun, Miriam Alia, Gary Kobinger, and Andrea Bernasconi
Table 3
Symptoms and signs developed during hospitalization during the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Ebola treatment centers, Lokolia and Boende, Democratic Republic of the Congo, July–November 2014*
| Symptom, sign | Survived, no. (%) | Died, no. (%) | Total, no. (%) | Average no. days | CFR | Relative risk (95% CI) | p value | Patient age group, y, % |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <15 | >15 | |||||||||
| Symptom | ||||||||||
| Asthenia | 12 (92.3) | 12 (100) | 24 (96.0) | 4 | 50.0 | 0 | 88.9 | 100.0 | 0.36 | |
| Anorexia | 7 (53.8) | 10 (83.3) | 17 (68.0) | 2.9 | 58.8 | 2.35 (0.66–8.33) | 0.2 | 44.4 | 81.3 | 0.075 |
| Myalgia | 6 (46.1) | 9 (75.0) | 15 (60.0) | 2.3 | 60.0 | 2 (0.71–5.62) | 0.22 | 11.1 | 87.5 | 0 |
| Arthralgia | 5 (38.4) | 6 (50.0) | 11 (44.0) | 2.4 | 54.5 | 1.27 (0.56–2.86) | 0.69 | 11.1 | 62.5 | 0.017 |
| Headache | 6 (46.1) | 5 (41.7) | 11 (44.0) | 2 | 45.5 | 0.90 (0.39–2.09) | 10 | 22.2 | 56.3 | 0.11 |
| RUQ abdominal pain | 3 (23.1) | 7 (58.3) | 10 (40.0) | 2.3 | 70.0 | 2.10 (0.92–4.78) | 0.11 | 11.1 | 56.3 | 0.034 |
| Difficulty swallowing | 2 (15.4) | 6 (50.0) | 8 (32.0) | 1 | 75.0 | 2.12 (0.99–4.53) | 0.09 | 0 | 50.0 | 0.012 |
| Nausea | 3 (23.1) | 5 (41.7) | 8 (32.0) | 2.3 | 62.5 | 1.52 (0.69–3.31) | 0.41 | 0 | 50.0 | 0.012 |
| Dyspnea | 0 (0) | 6 (50.0) | 6 (24.0) | 100.0 | 3.16 (1.63–6.13) | 0.005 | 11.1 | 31.3 | 0.267 | |
| Disorientation | 0 (0) | 6 (50.0) | 6 (24.0) | 100.0 | 3.16 (1.63–6.14) | 0.005 | 11.1 | 31.3 | 0.267 | |
| Cough | 1 (7.7) | 2 (16.6) | 3 (12.0) | 1 | 66.7 | 1.46 (0.58–3.69) | 0.59 | 0 | 18.8 | 0.243 |
| Chest pain | 1 (7.7) | 2 (16.6) | 3 (12.0) | 1 | 66.7 | 1.46 (0.58–3.69) | 0.59 | 0 | 18.8 | 0.243 |
| Back pain | 1 (7.7) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (8.0) | 2 | 50.0 | 1 (0.24–4.45) | 10 | 0 | 12.5 | 0.4 |
| Stomach pain/cramps | 2 (15.4) | 0 | 2 (8.0) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 12.5 | 0.4 |
| Diarrhea | 6 (46.1) | 11 (91.7) | 17 (68.0) | 2.3 | 64.7 | 5.17 (0.8–33.5) | 0.03 | 44.4 | 81.3 | 0.075 |
| Fever up to 39.5°C | 4 (33.3) | 11 (91.7) | 15 (60.0) | 1.5 | 73.3 | 7.33 (1.11–48.2) | 0.003 | 44.4 | 68.8 | 0.222 |
| Vomiting | 7 (53.8) | 8 (66.6) | 15 (60.0) | 1.3 | 53.3 | 1.33 (0.54–3.20) | 0.68 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.053 |
| Dehydration | 1 (7.7) | 8 (66.6) | 9 (36.0) | 1 | 88.9 | 3.55 (1.47–8.56) | 0.003 | 22.2 | 43.8 | 0.264 |
| Hiccups | 0 | 4 (33.3) | 4 (16.0) | 100.0 | 2.62 (1.52–4.53) | 0.04 | 11.1 | 18.8 | 0.54 | |
| Tender abdomen | 1 (7.7) | 2 (16.6) | 3 (12.0) | 4 | 66.7 | 1.46 (0.58–3.68) | 0.59 | 0 | 18.8 | 0.243 |
| Fever >39.5°C | 1 (7.7) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (8.0) | 1 | 50.0 | 1.04 (0.24–4.45) | 10 | 11.1 | 6.3 | 0.6 |
| Nonhemorrhagic rash |
0 |
1 (8.3) |
1 (4.0) |
2 |
100.0 |
2.18 (1.41–3.37) |
0.48 |
0 |
6.3 |
0.64 |
| Hemorrhagic sign | ||||||||||
| Hemorrhagic | 4 (30.7) | 9 (75.0) | 13 (52.0) | 3.5 | 69.20 | 2.77 (0.97–7.87) | 0.04 | 44.4 | 56.3 | 0.44 |
| Hemorrhagic, excluding red eyes/subconjunctival hemorrhage | 2 (15.4) | 9 (75.0) | 11 (44.0) | 1 | 85.70 | 3.81 (1.34–10.8) | 0.03 | 33.3 | 50.0 | 0.3 |
| Bloody feces | 1 (7.7) | 6 (50.0) | 7 (28.0) | 1 | 85.7 | 2.57 (1.25–5.28) | 0.03 | 33.3 | 25.0 | 0.499 |
| Bleeding from injection site | 1 (7.7) | 5 (41.7) | 6 (24.0) | 1 | 83.3 | 2.26 (1.13–4.50) | 0.07 | 22.2 | 25.0 | 0.637 |
| Red eyes/subconjunctival hemorrhage | 3 (23.1) | 3 (25.0) | 6 (24.0) | 4 | 50.0 | 1.05 (0.41–2.67) | 10 | 11.1 | 31.3 | 0.267 |
| Hematemesis | 0 | 5 (41.7) | 5 (20.0) | 100.0 | 2.87 (1.57–5.19) | 0.01 | 11.1 | 25.0 | 0.391 | |
| Hemoptysis | 0 | 2 (16.6) | 2 (8.0) | 100.0 | 2.30 (1.44–3.66) | 0.22 | 0 | 12.5 | 0.4 | |
| Epistaxis | 0 | 1 (8.3) | 1 (4.0) | 100.0 | 2.18 (1.41–3.37) | 0.48 | 0 | 6.3 | 0.64 | |
| Gingival/oral bleeding | 0 | 1 (8.3) | 1 (4.0) | 1 | 100.0 | 2.18 (1.41–3.37) | 0.48 | 11.1 | 0 | 0.36 |
*RUQ, right upper quadrant.
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