Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 23, Number 3—March 2017
Dispatch

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection among Asian Elephants in Captivity

Gary Simpson, Ralph Zimmerman, Elena Shashkina, Liang Chen, Michael Richard, Carol M. Bradford, Gwen A. Dragoo, Rhonda L. Saiers, Charles A. Peloquin, Charles L. Daley, Paul Planet, Apurva Narachania, Barun Mathema, and Barry N. KreiswirthComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Albuquerque Biopark, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA (G. Simpson, R. Zimmerman, M. Richard, C.M. Bradford, G.A. Dragoo, R.L. Saiers); Rutgers University Public Health Research Institute, Newark, New Jersey, USA (E. Shashkina, L. Chen, B.N. Kreiswirth); University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA (C.A. Peloquin); National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA (C.L. Daley); Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (P. Planet); American Museum of Natural History Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, New York, New York, USA (A. Narachania); Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York (B. Mathema)

Main Article

Figure 1

IS6110 Southern blot hybridization patterns of 6 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates recovered from elephants A (lanes 1–5) and C (lane 6) (4) in study of tuberculosis in captive elephants, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, 1997–2013. The fingerprint pattern in lane 1 types the strain to principal genetic group 1, the fingerprint pattern in lanes 2–4 and lane 6 types the strain to principal genetic group 2 and the fingerprint pattern in lane 5 types the strain to principal genetic group 3. Lane 7, m

Figure 1. IS6110 Southern blot hybridization patterns of 6 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates recovered from elephants A (lanes 1–5) and C (lane 6) (4) in study of tuberculosis in captive elephants, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, 1997–2013. The fingerprint pattern in lane 1 types the strain to principal genetic group 1, the fingerprint pattern in lanes 2–4 and lane 6 types the strain to principal genetic group 2 and the fingerprint pattern in lane 5 types the strain to principal genetic group 3. Lane 7, molecular mass standard.

Main Article

References
  1. Mikota  SK, Peddie  L, Peddie  J, Isaza  R, Dunker  F, West  G, et al. Epidemiology and diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). J Zoo Wildl Med. 2001;32:116. https://dx.doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2001)032[0001:EADOMT]2.0.CO;2PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Guidelines for the control of tuberculosis in elephants [cited 2012 April 20]. http://www.usaha.org/Portals/6/Committees/tuberculosis/TB%20Guidelines%202012%20Draft%20revision%2020April2012.pdf
  3. Bifani  P, Mathema  B, Campo  M, Moghazeh  S, Nivin  B, Shashkina  E, et al. Molecular identification of streptomycin monoresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis related to multidrug-resistant W strain. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:8428. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Gutacker  MM, Smoot  JC, Migliaccio  CA, Ricklefs  SM, Hua  S, Cousins  DV, et al. Genome-wide analysis of synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms: resolution of genetic relationships among closely related microbial strains. Genetics. 2002;162:153343.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Bemer  P, Palicova  F, Rüsch-Gerdes  S, Drugeon  HB, Pfyffer  GE. Multicenter evaluation of fully automated BACTEC Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube 960 system for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:1504. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Zhu  M, Maslow  JN, Mikota  SK, Isaza  R, Dunker  F, Riddle  H, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of pyrazinamide in elephants. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2005;28:4039. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Lyashchenko  KP, Greenwald  R, Esfandiari  J, Olsen  JH, Ball  R, Dumonceaux  G, et al. Tuberculosis in elephants: antibody responses to defined antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, potential for early diagnosis, and monitoring of treatment. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006;13:72232. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Michalak  K, Austin  C, Diesel  S, Bacon  MJ, Zimmerman  P, Maslow  JN. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as a zoonotic disease: transmission between humans and elephants. Emerg Infect Dis. 1998;4:2837. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. National Tuberculosis Controllers Association; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Guidelines for the investigation of contacts of persons with infectious tuberculosis. Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2005;54(RR-15):147.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Bryant  JM, Harris  SR, Parkhill  J, Dawson  R, Diacon  AH, van Helden  P, et al. Whole-genome sequencing to establish relapse or re-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a retrospective observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2013;1:78692. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Ford  CB, Lin  PL, Chase  MR, Shah  RR, Iartchouk  O, Galagan  J, et al. Use of whole genome sequencing to estimate the mutation rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during latent infection. Nat Genet. 2011;43:4826. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: March 10, 2017
Page updated: March 10, 2017
Page reviewed: March 10, 2017
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external