Volume 23, Number 3—March 2017
Synopsis
Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease, Europe, 2007–2014
Robert Whittaker
, Assimoula Economopoulou1, Joana Gomes Dias, Elizabeth Bancroft2, Miriam Ramliden3, Lucia Pastore Celentano, and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Country Experts for Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease
, Assimoula Economopoulou1, Joana Gomes Dias, Elizabeth Bancroft2, Miriam Ramliden3, Lucia Pastore Celentano, and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Country Experts for Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease
Table 3
Percentage change in annual notification rate for cases of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease, by serotype and patient age group, in 12 European countries, 2007–2014*
| Age group | % Change (95% CI), N = 10,574† |
||||
| Hib |
Hie |
Hif |
NTHi |
Unknown serotype |
|
| <1 y | −8.5 (−14.5 to −2.1) | −4.3 (−33.6 to 38.1) | −6.2 (−23.6 to 15.2) | 5.5 (0.6 to 10.8) | 4.1 (−4.1 to 13.0) |
| <1 mo‡ | – | – | −0.9 (−4.3 to 2.6) | 6.2 (2.8 to 9.8) | −0.3 (−19.3 to 23.1) |
| 1–5 mo‡ | −25.0 (−32.2 to −17.0) | −2.4 (−72.9 to 251.8) | 11.7 (−8.2 to 36.0) | 2.1 (−3.3 to 7.7) | −7.1 (−15.6 to 2.4) |
| 6–11 mo‡ |
3.5 (−18.4 to 31.1) |
– |
−4.8 (−21.2 to 15.1) |
2.7 (−9.7 to 16.8) |
24.9 (−2.9 to 60.7) |
| 1–4 y |
−18.4 (−32.9 to −0.8) |
−14.2 (−25.0 to −1.7) |
10.1 (−8.7 to 32.7) |
3.8 (−3.4 to 11.6) |
2.8 (−9.3 to 16.5) |
| 5–19 y |
−8.3 (−26.2 to 14.1) |
– |
−0.2 (−26.3 to 35.0) |
5.3 (−4.7 to 16.3) |
−4.9 (−20.3 to 13.5) |
| 20–39 y |
−15.0 (−29.4 to 2.3) |
3.4 (−14.8 to 25.5) |
−1.4 (−17.6 to 18.0) |
9.7 (5.6 to 13.9) |
−8.6 (−16.2 to −0.3) |
| 40–59 y |
−9.0 (−14.7 to −3.0) |
−3.3 (−19.8 to 16.7) |
7.0 (−3.8 to 19.0) |
6.8 (2.4 to 11.3) |
−6.8 (−11.0 to −2.3) |
| >60 y |
−12.6 (−17.8 to −7.1) |
12.7 (−2.9 to 30.8) |
7.0 (0.9 to 13.4) |
7.0 (4.5 to 9.5) |
−6.0 (−12.1 to 0.5) |
| Total§ |
−11.9 (−16.0 to −7.5) |
6.3 (−5.3 to 19.5) |
6.4 (−1.5 to 14.8) |
7.4 (5.3 to 9.6) |
−4.8 (−9.0 to −0.5) |
| *The study was conducted in Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Data are for a total of 10,574 cases. Hib, H. influenzae serotype b; Hie, serotype e; Hif, serotype f; NTHi, nontypeable H. influenzae; – no cases reported or no trend could be determined. †Bold font indicates statistically significant trends (p = 0.05). ‡For these age groups, data from only 11 countries are included because Spain did not report data on the age of infant cases by month. §Totals do not include data separately shown for infants <1 mo, 1–5 mo, and 6–11 mo of age because those data are included in the <1 y age group. | |||||
1Current affiliation: Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece.
2Current affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
3Current affiliation: Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Country experts who participated in this study are listed at the end of this article.
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