Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4 Infection in Migratory Birds, Egypt
Abdullah A. Selim, Ahmed M. Erfan, Naglaa Hagag, Ali Zanaty, Abdel-Hafez Samir, Mohamed Samy, Ahmed Abdelhalim, Abdel-Satar A. Arafa, Mohamed A. Soliman, Momtaz Shaheen, Essam M. Ibraheem, Ibrahim Mahrous, Mohamed K. Hassan, and Mahmoud M. Naguib
Author affiliations: National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt (A.A. Selim, A.M. Erfan, N. Hagag, A. Zanaty, A.-H. Samir, M. Samy, A. Abdelhalim, A.-S.A. Arafa, M.A. Soliman, M. Shaheen, E.M. Ibraheem, M.K. Hassan, M.M. Naguib); General Organization for Veterinary Services, Giza (I. Mahrous); Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Insel-Riems, Germany (M.M. Naguib)
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Figure
![Structural and phylogenetic modeling of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N8), EG-CA285, from migratory birds, Egypt, 2016. A) Three-dimensional structural homology model for the hemagglutinin protein of EG-CA285 created by using the ancestral virus of clade 2.3.4.4b (A/duck/Zhejiang/6D18/2013 [H5N8]) as a template. Amino acids distinguishing the EG-CA285 sequence from the modeling template are shown in red; green depicts unique mutations distinguishing this virus from the virus detecte](/eid/images/16-2056-F1.jpg)
Figure. Structural and phylogenetic modeling of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N8), EG-CA285, from migratory birds, Egypt, 2016. A) Three-dimensional structural homology model for the hemagglutinin protein of EG-CA285 created by using the ancestral virus of clade 2.3.4.4b (A/duck/Zhejiang/6D18/2013 [H5N8]) as a template. Amino acids distinguishing the EG-CA285 sequence from the modeling template are shown in red; green depicts unique mutations distinguishing this virus from the virus detected in summer 2016 in Russia, A/great crested grebe/Uvs-Nuur-Lake/341/2016. B) Phylogenetic tree of the nucleotide sequences of avian influenza virus hemagglutinin genes. Maximum-likelihood calculations were done with IQ-TREE software (http://iqtree.cibiv.univie.ac.at/) under the best-fit model according to the Akaike criterion (general time reversible plus gamma plus G4 model). Red indicates strains from Egypt; green shading indicates strains currently circulating in Europe. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.
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