Volume 24, Number 4—April 2018
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis
Reemergence of Intravenous Drug Use as Risk Factor for Candidemia, Massachusetts, USA
Nongnooch Poowanawittayakom, Anamika Dutta, Shannon Stock, Sunkaru Touray, Richard T. Ellison, and Stuart M. Levitz
Table 1
Baseline characteristics and risk factors for candidemia, categorized by IVDU and non-IVDU groups, among patients at a tertiary care hospital, Massachusetts, USA, 2010–2017*
| Characteristics | IVDU | Non-IVDU | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. patients | 24 | 174 | |
| Median age (IQR) | 43.5 (14.8) | 64.0 (19.0) | <0.001 |
| Female sex† | 6 (25.0) | 70 (40.2) | 0.183 |
| Prosthetic valve | 3 (12.5) | 2 (1.2) | 0.013 |
| Hepatitis C | 14 (58.3) | 14 (8.1) | <0.001 |
| HIV | 0 | 1 (0.6) | 1.00 |
| History of malignancy | 2 (8.3) | 42 (24.1) | 0.114 |
| Diabetes | 3 (12.5) | 55 (31.6) | 0.058 |
| Systemic immunosuppression‡ | 3 (12.5) | 28 (16.1) | 1.00 |
| Central intravenous line | 9 (37.5) | 67 (38.5) | 1.00 |
| History of broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug exposure§ | 4 (16.7) | 27 (15.5) | 1.00 |
| Kidney disease, on dialysis | 3 (12.5) | 5 (2.9) | 0.058 |
| Genitourinary surgery/procedure§ | 0 | 14 (8.1) | 0.226 |
| Gastrointestinal surgery/procedure§ | 3 (12.5) | 22 (12.6) | 1.00 |
*Values are no. (%) patients except as indicated. IQR, interquartile range; IVDU, intravenous drug use.
†In all patients, gender and biological sex were identical.
‡Includes active chemotherapy, systemic corticosteroid use, and immunosuppression within 3 months before the onset of candidemia.
§ Procedure performed <30 days before onset of candidemia.
Page created: March 16, 2018
Page updated: March 16, 2018
Page reviewed: March 16, 2018
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