Oral Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, Brazilian Amazon
Rosa Amélia G. Santana, Maria Graças V.B. Guerra, Débora R. Sousa, Kátia Couceiro, Jessica V. Ortiz, Maurício Oliveira, Lucas S. Ferreira, Kenny R. Souza, Igor C. Tavares, Romulo F. Morais, George A.V. Silva, Gisely C. Melo, Gabriel M. Vergel, Bernardino C. Albuquerque, Ana Ruth L. Arcanjo, Wuelton M. Monteiro, João Marcos B.B. Ferreira, Marcus V.G. Lacerda
, Henrique Silveira, and Jorge Augusto O. Guerra
Author affiliations: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil (R.A.G. Santana, M.G.V.B. Guerra, D.R. Sousa, K. Couceiro, J.V. Ortiz, M. Oliveira, L.S. Ferreira, G.A.V. Silva, G.C. Melo, G.M. Vergel, W.M. Monteiro, M.V.G. Lacerda, J.A.O. Guerra); Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus (R.A.G. Santana, M.G.V.B. Guerra, D.R. Sousa, K. Couceiro, J.V. Ortiz, M. Oliveira, K.R. Souza, I.C. Tavares, R.F. Morais, G.C. Melo, W.M. Monteiro, J.M.B.B. Ferreira, J.A.O. Guerra); Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas, Manaus (G.M. Vergel, B.C. Albuquerque, A.R.L. Arcanjo); Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus (M.V.G. Lacerda); Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (H. Silveira)
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Figure 2
Figure 2. Comparison of Trypanosoma cruzi açaí juice samples and Chagas disease patient blood samples, Brazilian Amazon. A) Alignment of GPI sequences from açaí juice samples and patient blood samples. B–C) Phylogenetic position of T. cruzi responsible for the 2017 Chagas disease outbreak in the Brazilian Amazon, based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene sequences (best-fit model: Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano) and on the GPI gene sequences (best-fit model: Kimura 2-parameter). The following standard strains obtained from GenBank (discrete typing units [strain name, access no. for COII–GPY]) were used: TcI (SilvioX10 cl4, EU302222.1–Silvio10cl1–AY540730.1), TcII (Esmeraldo cl3, AF359035.1–AY540728.1), TcIII (M6241 cl6, AF359032.1– AY484478.1), TcIV (CANIII cl1–AF359030.1), TcV (Mn cl2, DQ343718.1–AY484480.1), and TcVI (CL Brener, DQ343645.1–XM_815802.1). B, blood; C, culture; GPI, glucose-phosphate isomerase; P0, patient number; X, xenodiagnosis; (i) repetition number. Scale bars indicate number of mutations per site.
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