Volume 25, Number 2—February 2019
Online Report
Public Health–Driven Research and Innovation for Next-Generation Influenza Vaccines, European Union
Adoración Navarro-Torné
, Finnian Hanrahan, Barbara Kerstiëns, Pilar Aguar, and Line Matthiessen
, Finnian Hanrahan, Barbara Kerstiëns, Pilar Aguar, and Line Matthiessen
Table 2
Challenges in the roadmap for the next-generation influenza vaccines
| Challenge types |
| Technical |
| Eliciting adequate cross-protective humoral and cell-mediated immune response |
| Selection and delivery of immunogens |
| Alternatives to egg-based vaccine production |
| Immunosenescence, “inflammaging” (adjuvants, high-dose vaccine, alternative routes of delivery) |
| Optimal animal models |
| Vaccine profiling for different target groups, priming, booster, etc. |
| New approaches for elucidation of mechanistic aspects of vaccine safety and efficacy (i.e., systems vaccinology) |
| Regulatory |
| Design of optimal placebo-controlled clinical trials (when ethical) and with active comparator |
| Identification of immune correlates of protection |
| Harmonization and standardization of immunoassays to measure correlates of protection |
| Human challenge studies |
| Prospective longitudinal cohort studies for evaluation of influenza immunity and effectiveness of influenza immunization |
| Planning for postmarketing surveillance |
| Development cost |
| Public health |
| Selection of meaningful endpoints: preventing severe or overt disease vs. blocking infection or transmission |
| Defining target groups and vaccination schemes |
| Logistics of vaccine implementation and delivery |
| Vaccine access |
| Vaccine supplies and stockpiling |
| Influenza vaccination for resource-poor settings |
| Influenza disease and vaccine misperceptions; |
| Vaccine hesitancy |
| Funding mechanisms for vaccine development |
| Cost-effectiveness of universal influenza vaccines |
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