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Volume 25, Number 8—August 2019
Dispatch

Sustained Low-Level Transmission of Zika and Chikungunya Viruses after Emergence in the Fiji Islands

Mike Kama1, Maite Aubry1, Taina Naivalu, Jessica Vanhomwegen, Teheipuaura Mariteragi-Helle, Anita Teissier, Tuterarii Paoaafaite, Stéphane Hué, Martin L. Hibberd, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, Ketan Christi, Conall H. Watson, Eric J. Nilles, John Aaskov, Colleen L. Lau, Didier Musso, Adam J. Kucharski1, and Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau1Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji (M. Kama); The University of the South Pacific, Suva (M. Kama, T. Naivalu, K. Christi); Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti (M. Aubry, T. Mariteragi-Helle, A. Teissier, T. Paoaafaite, D. Musso, V.-M. Cao-Lormeau); Fiji National University, Suva (T. Naivalu); Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J. Vanhomwegen, J.-C. Manuguerra); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (S. Hué, M.L. Hibberd, C.H. Watson, A.J. Kucharski); World Health Organization, Suva (E.J. Nilles); Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (E.J. Nilles); Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (E.J. Nilles); Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (J. Aaskov); Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia (C.L. Lau); Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France (D. Musso)

Main Article

Table

Prevalence of Zika, chikungunya, and dengue virus antibodies in a representative subset of the population sampled during September–November 2013 and October–November 2015, Fiji Islands*

Variable No. seropositive/no. tested (% [95% CI])
Zika virus
 Chikungunya virus
 Dengue viruses†
2013 2015 2013 2015 2013 2015
Total
 61/778‡
(7.8 [6.1–10])
 73/333 (21.9 [17.6–26.8])
6/778 (0.8 [0.3–1.7])
 3/333 (0.9 [0.2–2.6])
568/778 (73 [69.7–76.1])
 276/333 (82.9 [78.4–86.8])
Age range (median), y
 2–85 (28)
 4–80 (29)
2–85 (28)
 4–80 (29)
2–78 (28)
 4–80 (29)
Age group, y
0–19 29/282 (10.3 [7–14.4]) 29/115 (25.2 [17.6–34.2]) 4/282 (1.4 [0.4–3.6]) 1/115 (0.9 [0–4.7]) 141/282 (50 [44–56]) 78/115 (67.8 [58.5–76.2])
20–39 15/239 (6.3 [3.6–10.1]) 18/103 (17.5 [10.7–26.2]) 1/239 (0.4 [0–2.3]) 1/103 (1 [0–5.3]) 201/239 (84.1 [78.8–88.5]) 93/103 (90.3 [82.9–95.2])
40–59 11/179 (6.1 [3.1–10.7]) 13/73 (17.8 [9.8–28.5]) 1/179 (0.6 [0–3.1]) 1/73 (1.4 [0–7.4]) 161/179 (89.9 [84.6–93.9]) 68/73 (93.2 [84.7–97.7])
≥60
 6/77 (7.8 [2.9–16.2])
 13/42 (31 [17.6–47.1])
0/77 (0 [0–4.7])
 0/42 (0 [0–8.4])
64/77 (83.1 [72.9–90.7])
 37/42 (88.1 [74.4–96])
Sex
F 28/423 (6.6 [4.4–9.4]) 41/190 (21.6 [16–28.1]) 4/423 (0.9 [0.3–2.4]) 2/190 (1.1 [0.1–3.8]) 312/423 (73.8 [69.3–77.9]) 165/190 (86.8 [81.2–91.3])
M
 33/354 (9.3 [6.5–12.8])
 32/143 (22.4 [15.8–30.1])
2/354 (0.6 [0.1–2])
 1/143 (0.7 [0–3.8])
255/354 (72 [67–76.6])
 111/143 (77.6 [69.9–84.2])
Division
Central 30/451 (6.7 [4.5–9.4]) 73/333 (21.9 [17.6–26.8]) 5/451 (1.1 [0.4–2.6]) 3/333 (0.9 [0.2–2.6]) 331/451 (73.4 [69.1–77.4]) 276/333 (82.9 [78.4–86.8])
Northern 7/59 (11.9 [4.9–22.9]) ND 0/59 (0 [0–6.1]) ND 51/59 (86.4 [75–94]) ND
Western
 24/268 (9 [5.8–13])
 ND
1/268 (0.4 [0–2.1])
 ND
186/268 (69.4 [63.5–74.9])
 ND
Area
Periurban 10/135 (7.4 [3.6–13.2]) 19/77 (24.7 [15.6–35.8]) 2/135 (1.5 [0.2–5.2]) 0/77 (0 [0–4.7]) 104/135 (77 [69–83.8]) 66/77 (85.7 [75.9–92.6])
Rural 24/344 (7 [4.5–10.2]) 16/113 (14.2 [8.3–22]) 2/344 (0.6 [0.1–2.1]) 0/113 (0 [0–3.2]) 234/344 (68 [62.8–72.9]) 84/113 (74.3 [65.3–82.1])
Urban 27/298 (9.1 [6.1–12.9]) 38/143 (26.6 [19.5–34.6]) 2/298 (0.7 [0.1–2.4]) 3/143 (2.1 [0.4–6]) 229/298 (76.8 [71.6–81.5]) 126/143 (88.1 [81.6–92.9])

*No participants were recruited in the Northern and Western divisions in 2015. ND, no data.
†Seropositivity for >1 serotypes of dengue virus.
‡For 1 participant, demographic data were not available except for the administrative division of residence.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: July 16, 2019
Page updated: July 16, 2019
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