Distribution of Japanese Encephalitis Virus, Japan and Southeast Asia, 2016–2018
Ryusei Kuwata
1, Shun Torii
1, Hiroshi Shimoda, Supriyono Supriyono, Thanmaporn Phichitraslip, Noppadol Prasertsincharoen, Hitoshi Takemae, Reu Caesar James Taga Bautista, Valeen Drex Bendette Mendio Ebora, Jose Alexander Cabiling Abella, Alan Payot Dargantes, Upik Kesumawati Hadi, Agus Setiyono, Emmanuel Tugbang Baltazar, Luzviminda Tadeja Simborio, Srihadi Agungpriyono, Sathaporn Jittapalapong, Worawut Rerkamnuaychoke, Eiichi Hondo, and Ken Maeda
2
Author affiliations: Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan (R. Kuwata, S. Torii, H. Shimoda, Supriyono, K. Maeda); Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand (T. Phichitraslip, N. Prasertsincharoen, S. Jittapalapong); Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan (H. Takemae, E. Hondo); Central Mindanao University, Musuan, the Philippines (R.C.J.T. Bautista, V.D.B.M. Ebora, J.A.C. Abella, A.P. Dargantes, E.T. Baltazar, L.T. Simborio); Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia (U.K. Hadi, A. Setiyono, S. Agungpriyono); Rajamangala University of Technology, Chonburi, Thailand (W. Rerkamnuaychoke)
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Figure
Figure. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of JEV isolates, Japan and Southeast Asia, 2016–2018 (circles), and reference isolates constructed on the basis of the envelope gene sequence (1,500 nt). A) Genotype Ia (GIa); B) genotype GIb; C) genotypes GIII and GIV; D) parent tree showing all genotypes. Tree was reconstructed by using MEGA6 (https://megasoftware.net) with 100 bootstraps under the general time-reversible model. JEVs isolated in Japan (blue), Thailand (green), the Philippines (yellow), and Indonesia (maroon) are indicated. In panels A–C, origin, year, and country of isolation are provided in parentheses; in panel D, DDBJ and GenBank accession numbers are provided. bo, bovine; eq, equine; hu, human; JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus; MQ, mosquito; NA, data not available; sw, swine; wb, wild boar.
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