Volume 26, Number 10—October 2020
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis
Healthcare-Associated Legionnaires’ Disease, Europe, 2008−2017
Table 4
Monoclonal subtype for L. pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates, European Union–European Economic Area, 2008−2017
Monoclonal subtype | Community-acquired cases, no. (%) | Healthcare-associated cases, no. (%) |
---|---|---|
Monoclonal antibody 3/1–positive* | ||
Allentown | 4 (0.5) | 1 (1.1) |
Allentown/France | 198 (25.8) | 8 (8.9) |
Benidorm | 105 (13.7) | 9 (10.0) |
France | 1 (0.1) | 0 |
Knoxville | 197 (25.7) | 5 (5.6) |
Philadelphia | 135 (17.6) | 16 (17.8) |
Subtotal |
640 (83.6) |
39 (43.3) |
Monoclonal antibody 3/1–negative | ||
Bellingham | 38 (5.0) | 11 (12.2) |
Camperdown | 4 (0.5) | 0 |
Heysham | 0 | 1 (1.1) |
OLDA | 26 (3.4) | 15 (16.7) |
Oxford | 3 (0.4) | 1 (1.1) |
Oxford/OLDA | 55 (7.2) | 23 (25.6) |
Subtotal |
126 (16.4) |
51 (56.7) |
Total | 766 (100.0) | 90 (100.0) |
*Monoclonal types are grouped by the presence (or lack) of the virulence-associated epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody 3/1 (Dresden Panel) (10).
References
- Fields BS, Benson RF, Besser RE. Legionella and Legionnaires’ disease: 25 years of investigation. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002;15:506–26. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Beauté J; The European Legionnaires’ Disease Surveillance Network. Legionnaires’ disease in Europe, 2011 to 2015. Euro Surveill. 2017;22. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Soda EA, Barskey AE, Shah PP, Schrag S, Whitney CG, Arduino MJ, et al. Vital signs: health care-associated Legionnaires’ disease surveillance data from 20 states and a large metropolitan area - United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66:584–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Annual epidemiological report for 2017—Legionnaires' disease. Stockholm: The Centre; 2019.
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Legionnaires’ disease in Europe, 2015. ECDC surveillance report. Stockholm: The Centre; 2017.
- Hamilton KA, Prussin AJ II, Ahmed W, Haas CN. Outbreaks of Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever 2006-2017. Curr Environ Health Rep. 2018;5:263–71. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Sabria M, Yu VL. Hospital-acquired legionellosis: solutions for a preventable infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2:368–73. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Chalmers JD, Taylor JK, Singanayagam A, Fleming GB, Akram AR, Mandal P, et al. Epidemiology, antibiotic therapy, and clinical outcomes in health care-associated pneumonia: a UK cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53:107–13. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Polverino E, Torres A, Menendez R, Cillóniz C, Valles JM, Capelastegui A, et al.; HCAP Study investigators. Microbial aetiology of healthcare associated pneumonia in Spain: a prospective, multicentre, case-control study. Thorax. 2013;68:1007–14. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Helbig JH, Bernander S, Castellani Pastoris M, Etienne J, Gaia V, Lauwers S, et al. Pan-European study on culture-proven Legionnaires’ disease: distribution of Legionella pneumophila serogroups and monoclonal subgroups. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002;21:710–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Blatt SP, Parkinson MD, Pace E, Hoffman P, Dolan D, Lauderdale P, et al. Nosocomial Legionnaires’ disease: aspiration as a primary mode of disease acquisition. Am J Med. 1993;95:16–22. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Decker BK, Palmore TN. The role of water in healthcare-associated infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2013;26:345–51. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Stephens JH, Shaw DD, Koehler AP. Legionella pneumophila: probable transmission from a contaminated respiratory device. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2015;39:E201–3.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Collins SL, Afshar B, Walker JT, Aird H, Naik F, Parry-Ford F, et al. Heated birthing pools as a source of Legionnaires’ disease. Epidemiol Infect. 2016;144:796–802. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Almeida D, Cristovam E, Caldeira D, Ferreira JJ, Marques T. Are there effective interventions to prevent hospital-acquired Legionnaires’ disease or to reduce environmental reservoirs of Legionella in hospitals? A systematic review. Am J Infect Control. 2016;44:e183–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Santé Publique France. Legionellosis notification form [updated 2017 Feb 6] [cited 2020 Jul 16]. https://demarchesadministratives.fr/formulaires/cerfa-12202-02-maladie-a-declaration-obligatoire-legionellose
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Linee guida per la prevenzione ed il controllo della legionellosi. 2015 May 13 [cited 2020 Jul 16]. http://old.iss.it/binary/iss4/cont/C_17_pubblicazioni_2362.pdf
- Public Health England. Legionnaires’ disease: case definitions. [updated 2017 Feb 6] [cited 2020 Jul 16]. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/legionnaires-disease-clinical-case-definitions
- European Commission. Commission Implementing Decision 2012/506/EU of 8 August 2012 amending Decision 2002/253/EC laying down case definitions for reporting communicable diseases to the community network under decision no 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council [cited 2020 Jul 16]. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/10ed460f-0711-11e2-8e28-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
- Beauté J, Zucs P, de Jong B, on behalf of the European Legionnai C; European Legionnaires’ Disease Surveillance Network. Legionnaires disease in Europe, 2009-2010. Euro Surveill. 2013;18:20417. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Farnham A, Alleyne L, Cimini D, Balter S. Legionnaires’ disease incidence and risk factors, New York, New York, USA, 2002-2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:1795–802. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Straus WL, Plouffe JF, File TM Jr, Lipman HB, Hackman BH, Salstrom SJ, et al.; Ohio Legionnaires Disease Group. Risk factors for domestic acquisition of legionnaires disease. Ohio legionnaires Disease Group. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:1685–92. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Goetz AM, Stout JE, Jacobs SL, Fisher MA, Ponzer RE, Drenning S, et al. Nosocomial legionnaires’ disease discovered in community hospitals following cultures of the water system: seek and ye shall find. Am J Infect Control. 1998;26:8–11. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Katz SM, Hammel JM. The effect of drying, heat, and pH on the survival of Legionella pneumophila. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1987;17:150–6.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Phin N, Parry-Ford F, Harrison T, Stagg HR, Zhang N, Kumar K, et al. Epidemiology and clinical management of Legionnaires’ disease. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14:1011–21. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Currie SL, Beattie TK. Compost and Legionella longbeachae: an emerging infection? Perspect Public Health. 2015;135:309–15. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Muder RR, Yu VL. Infection due to Legionella species other than L. pneumophila. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:990–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Seenivasan MH, Yu VL, Muder RR. Legionnaires’ disease in long-term care facilities: overview and proposed solutions. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:875–80. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Bargellini A, Marchesi I, Marchegiano P, Richeldi L, Cagarelli R, Ferranti G, et al. A culture-proven case of community-acquired legionella pneumonia apparently classified as nosocomial: diagnostic and public health implications. Case Rep Med. 2013;2013:
303712 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar - Lessler J, Brookmeyer R, Perl TM. An evaluation of classification rules based on date of symptom onset to identify health-care associated infections. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;166:1220–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar