Volume 26, Number 8—August 2020
Research
Characterizing Norovirus Transmission from Outbreak Data, United States
Molly K. Steele
, Mary E. Wikswo, Aron J. Hall, Katia Koelle, Andreas Handel, Karen Levy, Lance A. Waller, and Ben A. Lopman
, Mary E. Wikswo, Aron J. Hall, Katia Koelle, Andreas Handel, Karen Levy, Lance A. Waller, and Ben A. Lopman
Table 2
Estimated log-linear change in R0 from the intercept for linear regression of log transformed R0 for norovirus outbreaks reported to the National Outbreak Reporting System, United States, 2009–2017
| Category | Estimated log-linear change in R0 (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Intercept |
3.35 (3.26–3.45) |
| Major setting | |
| Long-term care or assisted living facility | Referent |
| Child day care | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) |
| Hospital or healthcare facility | 0.93 (0.90–0.97) |
| Other | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) |
| Private home or residence | 0.99 (0.82–1.19) |
| Restaurant | 1.01 (0.91–1.11) |
| School, college, or university |
0.87 (0.85–0.89) |
| Season | |
| Winter | Referent |
| Fall | 1.00 (0.98–1.03) |
| Spring | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) |
| Summer |
0.93 (0.89–0.96) |
| Outbreak status | |
| Confirmed | Referent |
| Suspected |
0.90 (0.88–0.92) |
| Census region | |
| South | Referent |
| Northeast | 0.89 (0.87–0.91) |
| Midwest | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) |
| West |
0.98 (0.95–1.01) |
| Year | |
| 2009 Jan–Jun | 1.16 (1.10–1.23) |
| 2009 Jul–2010 Jun | 1.17 (1.11–1.23) |
| 2010 Jul–2011 Jun | 1.16 (1.12–1.21) |
| 2011 Jul–2012 Jun | 1.12 (1.08–1.16) |
| 2012 Jul–2013 Jun | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) |
| 2013 Jul–2014 Jun | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) |
| 2014 Jul–2015 Jun | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) |
| 2015 Jul–2016 Jun | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) |
| 2016 Jul–2017 Jun | Referent |
| 2017 Jul–Dec | 1.04 (1.00–1.09) |
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