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Volume 27, Number 1—January 2021
CME ACTIVITY - Research

Rising Ethnic Inequalities in Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease, New Zealand, 2000–2018

Julie BennettComments to Author , Jane Zhang, William Leung, Susan Jack, Jane Oliver, Rachel Webb, Nigel Wilson, Dianne Sika-Paotonu, Matire Harwood, and Michael G. Baker
Author affiliations: University of Otago, Wellington (J. Bennett, J. Zhang, W. Leung, D. Sika-Paotonu, M.G. Baker); Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand (S. Jack); University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J. Oliver); Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne (J. Oliver); Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand (R. Webb, N. Wilson); University of Auckland, Auckland (D. Sika-Paotonu, M. Harwood)

Main Article

Table 2

Rheumatic heart disease initial hospitalization rates and adjusted rate ratios for patients <70 years of age according to key sociodemographic characteristics, New Zealand, 2000–2018*

Characteristics No. cases Crude rate of RHD at initial hospitalization/100,000 population aRR (95% CI) RR in 2010–2018 vs. 2000–2009 (95% CI)
Age, y†
0–9 154 1.35 Referent 1.53 (1.11–2.11)
10–19 322 2.77 2.21 (1.82–2.68) 1.51 (1.21–1.88)
20–29 164 1.47 1.30 (1.04–1.62) 0.95 (0.69–1.29)
30–39 208 1.87 1.83 (1.49–2.26) 0.81 (0.62–1.07)
40–49 420 3.60 3.84 (3.19–4.62) 1.07 (0.88–1.30)
50–59 678 6.69 7.66 (6.43–9.14) 0.93 (0.80–1.08)
60–69
 957
 12.87
 15.66 (13.18–18.61)
 1.13 (1.00–1.29)
Sex‡
M 1,405 3.74 1.12 (1.04–1.21) 1.14 (1.03–1.26)
F
 1,498
 4.06
 Referent
 1.04 (0.93–1.15)
Ethnicity§
Māori 892 7.30 3.21 (2.93–3.52) 1.24 (1.09–1.42)
Pacific Islander 574 11.60 4.62 (4.16–5.15) 1.28 (1.08–1.51)
Asian 123 1.47 0.71 (0.59–0.86) 0.80 (0.56–1.14)
European and other
 1,314
 2.68
 Referent
 0.95 (0.86–1.10)
Socioeconomic deprivation level¶
1–2 222 1.60 Referent 0.79 (0.60–1.02)
3–4 324 2.34 1.42 (1.20–1.68) 0.85 (0.68–1.05)
5–6 441 3.05 1.76 (1.49–2.06) 1.07 (0.89–1.29)
7–8 642 4.15 2.19 (1.88–2.55) 1.12 (0.56–1.31)
9–10
 1,274
 7.58
 3.10 (2.67–3.60)
 1.21 (1.09–1.36)
District health board#
Northland 150 5.57 1.32 (1.03–1.69) 0.94 (0.68–1.29)
Counties Manukau, South Auckland 478 5.70 1.44 (1.16–1.78) 1.05 (0.88–1.26)
Tairawhiti, Gisborne 90 11.13 2.38 (1.79–3.16) 1.73 (1.12–2.66)
Hutt Valley, Wellington 107 4.33 1.51 (1.15–1.97) 1.38 (0.94–2.03)
Southern, South Island
 110
 2.14
 Referent
 1.11 (0.76–1.61)
Total 2,903 3.90 1.09 (1.01–1.17)

*An additional 2,212 (43.2% of total) cases occurred among persons >70 years of age during 2000–2018. aRR, adjusted rate ratio; DHB, district health board; RHD, rheumatic heart disease; RR, rate ratio.
†RR adjusted for sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic deprivation.
‡RR adjusted for age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic deprivation.
§RR adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic deprivation.
¶RR adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity.
#RR adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic deprivation; 4 highest incidence DHBs, and the 1 lowest DHB shown. A full list of DHBs is provided in Appendix Table 1).

Main Article

Page created: November 13, 2020
Page updated: December 18, 2020
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