Volume 27, Number 11—November 2021
Dispatch
Socioeconomic Patterns of COVID-19 Clusters in Low-Incidence City, Hong Kong
Table 2
Associations of poverty rate and housing type with sizable coronavirus disease clustering, Hong Kong, 2020*
Category | aOR (95% CI)† |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total samples‡ | Case classification |
Specific activity categories‡ |
||||||
Unlinked‡ | Linked‡ | Living§ | Working§ | Dining§ | Entertainment§ | |||
Area-level income poverty rate¶ | ||||||||
4th quartile | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
3rd quartile | 0.89 (0.58–1.37) |
1.27 (0.73–2.19) |
0.81 (0.50–1.29) |
0.61 (0.14–2.71) |
0.83 (0.46–1.49) |
1.00 (0.55–1.81) |
1.13 (0.54–2.34) |
|
2nd quartile | 0.67 (0.42–1.06) |
0.85 (0.42–1.74) |
0.64 (0.39–1.07) |
0.18 (0.02–1.52) |
0.70 (0.37–1.34) |
0.82 (0.43–1.56) |
0.92 (0.42–2.06) |
|
1st quartile |
0.35 (0.19–0.65) |
0.61 (0.19–1.97) |
0.34 (0.18–0.66) |
NA# |
0.33 (0.13–0.87) |
0.85 (0.37–1.92) |
0.47 (0.16–1.35) |
|
Individual-level housing type | ||||||||
Public rental housing | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
Subsidized home ownership | 0.97 (0.72–1.31) |
1.26 (0.63–2.52) |
0.99 (0.69–1.40) |
1.22 (0.33–4.49) |
0.72 (0.44–1.17) |
1.06 (0.70–1.59) |
1.27 (0.53–3.06) |
|
Private housing | 0.99 (0.77–1.26) |
0.86 (0.49–1.51) |
1.05 (0.79–1.39) |
1.12 (0.46–2.72) |
0.66 (0.45–0.96) |
0.90 (0.62–1.32) |
3.20 (1.79–5.72) |
|
Residential care homes | 27.20 (14.16–52.26) |
4.69 (0.88–24.97) |
22.35 (10.00–49.96) |
720.16 (224.14–2,313.84) |
NA** | NA# | NA# | |
Other | 0.82 (0.51–1.33) |
0.70 (0.22–2.27) |
0.84 (0.49–1.46) |
3.34 (0.87–12.81) |
1.03 (0.53–1.99) |
0.27 (0.09–0.82) |
1.90 (0.71–5.09) |
*Clustering for these data refers to >10 epidemiologically linked case-patients who are not all part of the same household, grouped by case classification and activity categories of clusters. aOR, adjusted odds ratio; NA, not available; Ref, reference. †Variables in the regression model were age (continuous), sex, presence of symptoms, type of housing, area-level income poverty rate (by quartiles), and area-level population density (by quartiles). ‡With reference to confirmed cases who were not classified into any sizable infection clusters. §With reference to confirmed cases who were not classified into the corresponding activity category of sizable infection clusters. ¶The 1st quartile is the wealthiest group and 4th quartile the poorest group. #No living cluster cases in the 1st quartile of area-level income poverty rate. **No cases living in residential homes for respective types of clusters.