Anopheles stephensi Mosquitoes as Vectors of Plasmodium vivax and falciparum, Horn of Africa, 2019
Fitsum G. Tadesse
1 , Temesgen Ashine
1, Hiwot Teka, Endashaw Esayas, Louisa A. Messenger, Wakweya Chali, Lisette Meerstein-Kessel, Thomas Walker, Sinknesh Wolde Behaksra, Kjerstin Lanke, Roel Heutink, Claire L. Jeffries, Daniel Abebe Mekonnen, Elifaged Hailemeskel, Surafel K. Tebeje, Temesgen Tafesse, Abrham Gashaw, Tizita Tsegaye, Tadele Emiru, Kigozi Simon, Eyuel Asemahegn Bogale, Gedeon Yohannes, Soriya Kedir, Girma Shumie, Senya Asfer Sabir, Peter Mumba, Dereje Dengela, Jan H. Kolaczinski, Anne Wilson, Thomas S. Churcher, Sheleme Chibsa, Matthew Murphy, Meshesha Balkew, Seth Irish, Chris Drakeley, Endalamaw Gadisa, and Teun Bousema
Author affiliations: Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (F.G. Tadesse, T. Ashine, H. Teka, E. Esayas, W. Chali, S.W. Behaksra, D.A. Mekonnen, E. Hailemeskel, S.K. Tebeje, T. Tafesse, A. Gashaw, T. Tsegaye, T. Emiru, E.A. Bogale, G. Shumie, S.A. Sabir, E. Gadisa); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (F.G. Tadesse, L. Meerstein-Kessel, K. Lanke, R. Heutink, E. Hailemeskel, S.K. Tebeje, T. Bousema); Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa (F.G. Tadesse, D.A. Mekonnen, E. Hailemeskel); United States Agency for International Development, Addis Ababa (H. Teka, S. Chibsa, M. Murphy); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (L.A. Messenger, T. Walker, C.L. Jeffries, K. Simon, C. Drakeley, T. Bousema); President’s Malaria Initiative VectorLink Ethiopia Project, Addis Ababa (G. Yohannes, P. Mumba, M. Balkew); Oromia Regional Health Bureau, Adama, Ethiopia (S. Kedir); President’s Malaria Initiative VectorLink Project, Rockville, Maryland, USA (D. Dengela); World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (J.H. Kolaczinski); Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; (A. Wilson); Imperial College London, London (T.S. Churcher); United States President’s Malaria Initiative, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Chibsa, M. Murphy, S. Irish); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (S. Irish)
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Table 2
Characteristics of blood meals and mosquito feeding outcomes in study of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes as vectors of Plasmodium vivax and falciparum, Horn of Africa, 2019*
Characteristic |
Plasmodium species
|
P. vivax, n = 36 |
P. falciparum, n = 7 |
Mixed, n = 4 |
Parasites/µL, median (IQR) |
7,783 (3,603–13,440) |
2,431 (867–8,756) |
4,516 (1,589–10,563) |
Gametocyte positivity, no. positive/no. sampled (%) |
25/34 (73.5) |
1/7 (14.3) |
1/4 (25.0). |
Infectious feeds, no. positive/no. sampled (%) |
26/36 (72.2) |
1/7 (14.3) |
2/4 (50.0) |
Infected An. stephensi mosquitoes, no. positive/no. sampled (%) |
446/849 (52.5 |
2.2 |
36/104 (34.6) |
Infected An arabiensis mosquitoes, no. positive/no. sampled (%) |
452/1,000 (45.2) |
18/200 (9.0) |
45/122 (36.9) |
Oocysts in infected An. arabiensis mosquito midgut, mean (range) |
22.8 (1–115) |
NA |
3.1 (1–22) |
Oocysts in infected An. stephensi mosquito midgut, mean (range) |
24.1 (1–105) |
NA |
2.8 (1–13) |
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Page updated: January 24, 2021
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